Ch 10: Occurence and extraction of metals

Bauxite

Hydrated aluminium oxide (Al₂O₂+2H₂O)

Haematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe₂O₃)

Copper pyrite

Copper(II) iron(II) sulphide (CuFeS₂)

Cinnabar

Mercury(II) sulphide (HgS)

Galena

Lead(II) sulphide (PbS)

Zinc blende

Zinc sulphide (ZnS)

Calamine

Zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃)

Magnesite

Magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃)

Rock salt

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Aluminium and Iron

The two most abundant metals in the Earth's crust.

Free State Metals

Metals like gold, silver, and platinum that are found in their elemental form.

Minerals

Combinations of metals with other elements.

Ores

Rocks containing minerals in high enough concentrations for economical extraction.

Concentration of Ore

Removing unwanted materials from an ore.

Roasting or Calcination

Conversion of ore to oxide by heating.

Reduction

Using carbon or carbon monoxide to extract metals from their ores.

Electrolysis

Using electricity to extract metals from their ores.

Heating Alone

controlled heating

Haematite

An ore containing iron(III) oxide from which iron is extracted in a blast furnace.

Bauxite

An ore containing aluminium oxide from which aluminium is extracted.

Advantages of Recycling Metals

Natural reserves of metal ores last longer

reduce pollution

Need to mine ores is reduced

Less waste metal ends up in landfill