Phil 2306 review

1. Which of the following is not involved in utilizing the principle of universalizability?
-Imagining a world in which everyone acts according to your maxim.
-Only doing what is universally agreed to be moral.
-Formulating your maxim clearly.
-Asking if your goal could be achieved in such a world.

Only doing what is universally agreed to be moral.

2. A categorical imperative is a rational requirement that does depend on what we care about.
-True
-False

False

3. The amoralist..
-knows right from wrong but doesn't care.
-doesn't know right from wrong but does care.
-doesn't know right from wrong and doesn't care.
-knows right from wrong and cares.

knows right from wrong but doesn't care.

4. Kant thinks that we could convince the amoralist to act morally by pointing out that they are...
-inconsistent.
-not very good at getting what they want.
-hurting others.
-lacking in character.

inconsistent.

5. Which maxim does Landau suggest is a problem for the principle of universalizability?
-Donating money to Oxfam in order to get a tax write-off.
-Robbing a bank in order to get rich.
-Robbing a bank in order to put the bank out of business.
-Donating money to Oxfam in order to reduce world hunger.

Robbing a bank in order to put the bank out of business.

6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an explanatory benefit of Kant's theory?
-It explains what is immoral about a fanatic's actions.
-It explains our outrage at paternalism.
-It justifies human rights.
-It explains why we should maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

It explains why we should maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

7. The principle of humanity also governs how we ought to treat ourselves.
-True
-False

True

8. What does Kant argue is the only thing that is good no matter what?
-Happiness.
-Health.
-The Good Will.
-Understanding.

The Good Will

9. Kant thinks that you are a part of the moral community if you have the capacity for...
- Suffering.
-Rationality.
-Language.
-Empathy.

Rationality

10. 'Lex talionis' means...
-An eye for an eye.
-Might makes right.
-Knowledge is power.
-Revenge is for the weak.

An eye for an eye

Consequentialism
11. Utilitarians argue that the moral community is determined by whether a creature can...
-talk.
-reason.
-cry.
-suffer.

suffer

12. Consequentialism is a kind of utilitarianism.
-True
-False

False

13. The Principle of Utility tells us that an action is morally required if and only if...
-Its maxim is not universalizable.
-It maximizes overall well-being.
-It maximizes your own well-being.
-Its maxim is universalizable.

It maximizes overall well-being

14. Which of the following is NOT listed as an attraction of utilitarianism?
-Impartiality.
-Flexibility.
-Conflict Resolution.
-Moral Absolutism.

Moral Absolutism

15. The Argument from Value Measurement is an argument...
-against consequentialism.
-against utilitarianism.
-for consequentialism.
-For utilitarianism.

against utilitarianism

16. Landau tells us that above all consequentialism is a decision procedure.
-True
-False

False

17. The term for actions that go above and beyond the call of duty is...
-Supererogation.
-Supersaturation.
-Optimific.
-Utilitarian.

Supererogation

18. The book raises 'the problem of injustice' with an example about...
-Killing prisoners of war.
-Families intervening to prevent a relative from joining a cult.
-A 'lawn fanatic'.
-Donating money to Oxfam.

Killing prisoners of war

19. Which of the following was not mentioned as a response to the problem of injustice?
-Injustice is merely amoral not immoral.
-Justice is also intrinsically valuable.
-Injustice is never optimific.
-Justice must sometimes be sacrificed.

Injustice is merely amoral, not immoral

Virtue Ethics:
20. Virtue Ethics claims that morality is fundamentally about...
-Consequences.
-Character.
-Rules.
-Relationships.

Character

21. Virtue ethics views moral understanding as practical knowledge not declarative knowledge.
-True
-False

True

22. The Argument from Tragic Dilemmas is an argument...
-For Virtue Ethics.
-Against Virtue Ethics.
-For Moral Complexity.
-Against Moral Complexity.

Against Virtue Ethics

23. Which of the following was NOT listed as a role for emotion in moral understanding...
-Emotions can help us to see what is morally relevant.
-Emotions can tell us what is right and wrong.
-Negative and positive emotions are important in calculating the consequences of our actions.
-Emotions can motivate us to do the right thing.

Negative and positive emotions are important in calculating the consequences of our actions

24. The philosopher most known for being a virtue ethicist is...
-Friedrich Nietzsche.
-Aristotle.
-Winston Churchill.
-John Stuart Mill.

Aristotle

Ethics of Care:
25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of the network of care emotions?
-Sensitivity
-Empathy
-Kindness
-Sympathy

Kindness

26. The ethics of care claims that we ought to be partial rather than impartial.
-True
-False

True

27. Which of the following is NOT listed a central claim of feminist ethics?
-Women are the moral equals of men.
-Traditionally 'feminine' ways of moral reasoning are often superior to others.
-The experiences of women deserve our respect.
-Men are the cause of most moral problems.

Men are the cause of most moral problems.

28. Which of the following is a central figure in feminist ethics?
-Carol Gilligan
-Lawrence Kohlberg
-Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-Susan Wolf

Carol Gilligan

29. One critique of the ethics of care is that it restricts the moral community to not include...
-Animals.
-Men.
-Ourselves.
-People we don't know.

People we don't know

Nietzsche:
30. Which of the following did Nietzsche think was a master morality?
-Christianity
-Utilitarianism
-Paganism
-Kantianism

Paganism

31. Nietzsche believes in free will.
-True
-False

False

32. According to Nietzsche 'slave moralities' are characterized by thinking in terms of...
-Master/slave
-Good/bad
-Right/wrong
-Good/evil

Good/evil

33. According to Nietzsche 'master moralities' are characterized by thinking in terms of...
-Master/slave
-Good/bad
-Right/wrong
-Good/evil

Good/bad

34. Nietzsche advocates for...
-Slave morality
-Master morality
-Deontology
-A revaluation of value

A revaluation of value

Moral Skepticism:
35. Which of the following is NOT a premise in the motivational argument?
-Moral judgements are able. all by themselves. to motivate those who make them.
-Beliefs are never able. all by themselves. to motivate those who hold them.
-If moral judgements are not beliefs. then they can't be true.
-We have no motivation to believe moral truths.

We have no motivation to believe moral truths

36. Ockham's razor tells us never to multiply entities beyond necessity.
-True
-False

True

37. In philosophy 'normative' features are those that tell us...
-What is normal
-What is considered normal
-How things ought to be
-How people think things ought to be

How things ought to be

38. Which of the following is NOT an argument discussed in the chapter?
-The argument from injustice
-The argument from absolutism
-The argument against objective truths
-The argument from equal rights

The argument from injustice

39. Which of the following is NOT a premise in the argument from equal rights?
-If everyone has a right to an opinion. then all opinions are equally plausible.
-Everyone has an equal right to an opinion.
-We are morally obligated to regard every opinion as equal.
-If all moral opinions are equally plausible. then ethical objectivism is false.

We are morally obligated to regard every opinion as equal

Free Will (Hard Determinism):
40. Strawson argues for several versions of the...
-Argument from marginal cases
-Basic argument
-Argument from difference
-Technical argument

Basic argument

41. Strawson believes we can be morally responsible for our actions.
-True
-False

False

42. Causa sui means...
-Self-control
-Uncaused
-Just cause
-Self-caused

Self-caused

43. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a part of a western tradition of moral responsibility?
-Virtue Ethics
-Judaism
-Christianity
-Kantianism

Virtue Ethics

Free Wil (Compatibilism):
44. Which of the following is NOT a position on the issue of free-will?
-Libertarianism
-Compatibilism
-Internalism
-Hard-Determinism

Internalism

45. Compatibilists always deny the truth of determinism.
-True
-False

False

46. Frankfurt defends...
-Compatibilism
-Libertarianism
-Hard-Determinism
-Internalism

Compatibilism

47. Frankfurt is arguing against the...
-Principle of charity
-Principle of responsibility
-Principle of humanity
-Principle of alternate possibilities

Principle of alternate possibilities

48. Frankfurt's examples involve a character named...
-Jennings
-Strawson
-Jones
-Johnson

Jones

Theories of Justice (Rehabilitationism):
49. What is the name of the view that offenders deserve punishment because they have knowingly done wrong?
-Rehabilitationism
-Retributivism
-Restorative Justice
-Expressivism

Retributivism

50. The challenge for Caruso is in how we can hold wrong-doers responsible when they don't deserve punishment.
-True
-False

True

51. Caruso defends a model of criminal justice based on...
-Rehabilitationism
-Retributivism
-Restorative justice
-Deterrence

Rehabilitationism

52. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a justification for punishment?
-Moral education theory
-Incapacitation theory
-Deterrence theory
-Public Expression theory

Public Expression theory

53. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a justification for quarantine?
-The social benefits outweigh the burdens on those in quarantine
-The burdens on those in quarantine cause the least possible harm
-Those placed in quarantine are provided adequate care
-Medical experts make the ultimate decision about who is quarantined

Medical experts make the ultimate decision about who is quarantined

Theories of Justice (Restorative Justice):
54. Sommers is especially interested in a type of moral luck called...
-Constitutive luck
-Resultant luck
-Circumstantial luck
-Causal luck

Resultant luck

55. Sommers argues that justice should be impartial.
-True
-False

True

56. Which of the following was NOT a justification mentioned for the difference in treatment between a murderer and attempted murderer?
-The consequentialist response
-The Kantian response
-The virtue response
-The moderate response

The virtue response

57. Which of the following was NOT a feature of Sommers account of partial justice?
-Agents who attempt to do the same thing deserve the same punishment
-Facts about the agent set a spectrum for blame and punishment
-Facts about the victim are required to make precise determinations
-Agents who are equally culpable may deserve different amounts of blame and punishment

Agents who attempt to do the same thing deserve the same punishment

58. Sommers argues for his account by providing various cases involving punishment for...
-Robbing a bank
-Killing a child while driving drunk
-Torturing prisoners of war
-A team cheating during a football game

Killing a child while driving drunk

Theories of Justice (Retributivism):
59. Which theory of punishment does Moore advocate for?
-Rehabilitationism
-Restorative Justice
-Retributivism
-Expressivism

60. Moore argues that if we are really attached to our morality, we will punish offenders.
-True
-False

61. Moore argues for his position but appealing to an example about...
-A bank robber
-Someone who avoids paying their taxes
-An evil Russian nobleman
-A compulsive liar

62. Moore argues that failing to punish an offender...
-Shows a lack of empathetic identification
-Produces the best outcome overall
-Fails to deter others who might commit the same crime
-Is just because no one is the cause of themselves

63. Moore argues for his position by appealing to the fact that we all feel...
-Sadness
-Pain
-Fear
-Guilt