Platinum: Medical study guide EMT

Indications of Oral Glucose

indications: hypoglycemia (BG below 70)

Contraindications of Oral glucose

Unconscious or semi conscious

allergy, cant swallow

What is a coronary bypass?

is a type of heart surgery that improves blood flow to the heart muscle.

How should you conduct your patient interview in the patient with a potential behavioral emergency?

prioritize safety maybe have PD on standby

Considerations when working around a patient suspected of having an infectious

PPE, recent travel, limit exposure, decontaminate after call

Special population considerations, what are some common differences of geriatrics?

lots of medication, atypical presentation, fragile bones and skin,

Signs and symptoms of the narcotic overdose

pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, Unresponsiveness, slow or absent breathing

Review Scene size-up skill sheet and know the elements

BSI / Scene Safety, MOI/NOI, consider ALS,

Types of respirations associated with diabetic emergencies

Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep, and sometimes labored breaths),

Cheyne stokes (alternating periods of fast, shallow breathing with pauses or apnea, followed by periods of deeper, more rapid breathing.)

What is status epilepticus?

a medical emergency involving a prolonged seizure or a series of seizures without full recovery between them.

Skin conditions for heat exhaustion

Cool, pale, clammy, cool to the touch (body is trying to cool)

Skin conditions for heat stroke

Hot, dry to the touch (Body's thermoregulation fails)

What are 4 phases of a seizure?

Prodrome(feeling off), Aura ( Visual, tingles, abnormal sounds smells or tastes), Ictal (Active Seizure Phase),Postictal Phase (recovery)

Airway concerns for the victim pulled from a fire

Smoke inhalation,

Upper airway burns, CO Poisoning

What is the purpose of the primary survey/assessment?

To identify and treat immediate life threats.

Indications/Contraindications of Nitroglycerin

indications suspected MI, chest pain

contraindications

blood pressure below 100 systolic, use of sex drugs in the last 48 hours.

Sings and symptoms of hypoglycemia

Confusion, Irritability Slurred speech, lightheaded, Headache, BG below 70

What is the role of insulin

regulate blood sugar

What factors are considered when it comes to assessing ventilatory status?

respiratory rate, depth, effort, rhythm, spo2

Considering causes of AMS, what does AEIOUTIPS stand for

A- Alcohol

E-Epilepsy

I- Insulin

O-Overdose / Oxygen

U-Uremia

T-Trauma

I-Infection

P-Psychogenic / Poison

S- Stroke / Shock

What is cholecystitis? Signs and symptoms

inflammation of the gallbladder, SS: severe pain in the upper right abdomen, vomiting, jaundice, feeling full after eating.

Assessment of the postictal patient should include

XABC, LOC,Neurological status, injury check, vitals, patient history

What method of medical delivery is the auto injector?

IM (intermuscular)

Common signs associated with anaphylaxis

hypotension, shortness of breath, wheezing/stridor, Hives, Nausea, impending doom.

Upper GI bleed signs and symptoms

Vomiting Blood, black tarry stool,

abdominal pain, fatigue

What is position of comfort and what considerations are relevant in the ABD pain patient?

supine, fetal, or sitting up.

What is angina

temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart.

Which patient populations are susceptible to PE?

bed ridden, post surgery, long distance travelers (car/plane), clotting history

PPE considerations for a potential infectious disease transmissible by air droplets

wearing all proper PPE (gloves, eye pro, face shield/N95, gown, patient mask)

What blood disorders lead to increased bleeding and increased clotting?

hemophilia

What is degenerative brain disease? Give an example. How would this complicate a patient assessment?

deterioration and death of neurons in the brain. ex Alzheimer's, AMS during patient assessment

What is aphasia versus aphagia

Aphasia = Language Problem

Aphagia = Swallowing Problem

Upper GI versus lower GI bowel movements

Upper GI Bleed: Melena (black, tarry stool) Digested blood = foul smell Common causes: ulcers, varices, gastritis May have hematemesis (vomiting blood)

Lower GI Bleed: Hematochezia (bright red/maroon blood in stool) Fresh blood = less digestion Common causes: diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, colon cancer

What is the thing that illicit' s the exaggerated immune response

Allergen

What types of drug use typically result in subjects requiring restraint

Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Alcohol

Will anaphylactic reactions always occur during the first exposure

No — anaphylactic reactions do not always occur during the first exposure.

Regarding stroke and considering a version of an enhanced Cincinnati Stroke scale, what does B.E.F.A.S.T.G stand for

B- Balance

E-Eyes

F-Face

A-Arms

S-Speech

T-Time

G-Glucose

What is a common cause of seizure in children

Fever, Epilepsy, head injury

Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock

shortness of breath, wheezing, stridor, swelling, rapid pulse, hypotension, hives, nausea/vomiting, feeling of impending doom

What is occurring physiologically during a seizure?

abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain

What are routes of exposure and describe each

inhalation, absorption, ingestion, injection,

Lpm (liters per minute) for NC (nasal cannula)

1-6

Signs and symptoms of Hyperglycemia

increased thirst,

frequent urination,

fruity/ acetone breath, abdominal pain, AMS

What phase of a call would lung sounds be considered in a patient who may have respiratory compromise?

during the Primary assessment while assessing ABC

How should you handle a dry chemical exposure?

PPE, brush off chemicals, remove contaminated clothing, monitor.

How should you assess pupils?

with a pen light looking for reaction to light, shape/size of pupil, and equality.

What is delirium?

a sudden and usually temporary change in mental state

Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis versus a mild allergic reaction

Anaphylaxis is a severe life threatening reaction that affects two systems of the body. an allergic reaction is mild and typically affects one system of the body.

What type of medication is metformin?

an oral antidiabetic medication used for managing type 2 diabetes

Concerning oxygen toxicity in the potential stroke patient, which oxygen device is most appropriate?

NRB

What is sickle-cell anemia?

a genetic blood disorder that makes RBC sickle shaped which can impair blood flow.

What is the size of our 02 cylinders, what is an operable pressure?

EMTs use D cylinders which are 18 inches tall and have an operable pressure of 2000 psi.

What is Etoh, and how would you suspect a patient to act?

Etoh is ethanol, under the influence of ethanol a person may act confused, aggressive and experience Speech or motor impairments

What type of pain would you suspect from a patient with kidney stones?

pain in the lower back or side (flank pain)

What is cerebral vascular incident?

is another term for a stroke. It refers to a disruption of blood flow to the brain

What concerns do we have in a patient with signs of MI?

hypotension, weak or rapid pulse, cool clamy skin, chest pain

Indications for ventilation

Respiratory Arrest Severe Respiratory Distress Hypoventilation Cardiac Arrest

What are kidney stones?

Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys

Environmental emergencies also apply to potential chemical agents in the area, what is the first step in treating an environmental emergency?

identify hazard, protect yourself, establish safe zone, call for specialized help

Steps for treating heat exhaustion and heat stroke

in both cases it is important to move the patient to a cooler environment, and cool their body by loosening or removing their clothing then cooling them wet cloths.

Subtle signs of MI, and atypical presentations include?

fatigue, Dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, back pain chest discomfort. women or the elderly may only exhibit some of these, like weakness but no chest pain. while diabetics may experience none

Best way to decrease the transmission of infectious materials?

Wash hands, use PPE, clean and disinfect, and dispose of waste.

Best position to transport patient in respiratory distress

Up right or semi fowler

What do white blood cells do?

Destroying Harmful Microorganisms

Ways to handle the potential refusal

Ensure the patient is competent, explain the risks, Document

What are some complications of sickle cell anemia?

pain, anemia, stroke, infection, organ damage,

In the elderly is dementia or Alzheimer's an acute process or gradual?

gradual

Which patient populations are commonly subject to abuse and neglect, what are some indications?

children, elderly, disabled people. signs would be injury, Malnutrition, poor hygiene

Population most likely to have an accidental poisoning

young children

A female with abdominal pain in her childbearing years is considered what emergency until proven otherwise?

Pregnant

Common exposure route for blood borne pathogens

Contact with mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth) or broken skin (cuts abrasions)

what is hypothyroidism

when the thyroid doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones

What is syncope, and what presentation would a patient present with after such an event?

fainting, this may be experience after a sudden drop in blood pressure or heart rate

Considerations in the patient acting erratically?

Ensure scene safety, call PD, Restraints (if needed), de-escalation, and document

What is an aortic dissection/aneurysm?

Dissection: tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall

aneurysm: bulging or ballooning in the inner wall of the aorta.

What are agonal respirations?

abnormal gasping breaths when the body is near cardiac arrest

Signs and symptoms of fluid overload

Fluid overload occurs when the body has too much fluid in the bloodstream or tissues, and it's often related to heart failure, kidney dysfunction, or excessive IV fluids.