History Psychiatric-Mental Health NSG, Theory, Tx modalities & ACE

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering history, theories, treatment modalities, group roles, and individualized person-centered care from NSC 392.

Mental Health

A state of physical, mental, and social wellness, and not merely the absence of sickness or disease.

Mental Disorders

Conditions involving altered thinking, mood, or behavior that are associated with distress or impaired functioning.

Stigma

A mark of shame, disgrace, or disapproval resulting in being shunned or rejected by others.

Label Avoidance

A type of stigma where individuals avoid seeking professional help or diagnosis to prevent receiving a negative mental health label.

Public Stigma

A form of stigma occurring when the general public endorses negative stereotypes, leading to prejudice and discrimination against individuals with mental illness.

Self Stigma

A form of stigma occurring when an individual internalizes negative societal stereotypes and begins to believe those stigmas about themselves.

Recovery

A journey of healing and transformation enabling a person with a mental health problem to lead a meaningful life in a community of choice while striving to achieve full potential.

Components of Recovery

The 10 key components of recovery: Hope, Self-Direction, Individualized and Person-Centered, Empowerment, Holistic, Non-Linear, Strengths-Based, Peer Support, Respect, and Responsibility.

DSM V

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which provides standardized nomenclature, language, defining characteristics, and symptoms to differentiate diagnoses. (Ruling out anything medical first)

Ancient Times View

A historical era when mental illness was viewed as divine or demonic, treated with primitive practices like bloodletting, starving, and purging.

Period of Enlightenment

A historical period from the 1790s to 1900 where mental illness was recognized as a disease and asylums were established as the best treatment options.

Phillipe Pinel

A French reformer who stopped barbaric treatments of mentally ill individuals and placed patients under the care of a physician.

William Tuke

An English figure who advocated for sympathetic care and occupational activity in the treatment of mental illness.

Dorothea Dix

A United States reformer who advocated for humane treatment of the mentally ill and the expansion of state mental hospitals.

Deinstitutionalization

A movement initiated in 1963 to shift mental health treatment out of large state institutions and into community-based care centers.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

A 2010 healthcare legislation that provided access to affordable mental health care and prevented insurance exclusions for pre-existing conditions.

Carve-out Mental Health Services

Mental health services that are separated from general medical care insurance packages and reimbursed through distinct mechanisms.

Florence Nightingale

Nursing pioneer who introduced a holistic view of client care applicable to all aspects of health care.

Linda Richards

The nurse who opened the first training school for psychiatric nursing at McLean Hospital in Boston.

Effie Taylor

Nursing educator who successfully integrated psychiatric nursing into the core general nursing curriculum.

Harriet Bailey

The nursing author who wrote the first mental health nursing textbook.

ID

The part of Freud's personality structure focused on seeking instant gratification and immediate pleasure. (devil on your shoulder)

Superego

The component of Freud's personality structure that reflects moral and ethical concepts, societal values, and acts as the direct opposite of the ID. (angel on your shoulder)

Ego

The component of Freud's personality structure that acts as the mediator between the demands of the ID and the moral constraints of the Superego.

Transference

A psychoanalytic phenomenon where the client unconsciously projects feelings, thoughts, and expectations from past relationships onto the therapist.

Countertransference

A psychoanalytic phenomenon where the healthcare provider or therapist projects their own personal unresolved feelings onto the patient.

Harry Stack Sullivan

Interpersonal theorist who developed 5 life stages, 3 cognitive modes, and emphasized the therapeutic community or milieu.

Protaxic Mode

Sullivan's developmental cognitive mode seen in early infancy, characterized by characteristic unconnected experiences.

Parataxic Node

Sullivan's cognitive mode occurring in late infancy and early childhood, where experiences are linked by personal meaning rather than logical relationships.

Syntactic Mode

Sullivan's cognitive mode that emerges in later childhood and is characterized by the ability to think logically and systematically, allowing individuals to connect experiences through logical relationships. (How they fit in the world)

Peplau

Psychiatric nursing theorist who defined the interpersonal Nurse-Patient Relationship, its four phases, and four distinct levels of anxiety.

Orientation Phase

The initial phase of Peplau's relationship theory where the nurse introduces themselves and performs initial problem identification.

Identification Phase

Peplau's relationship phase where detailed problem identification occurs and the patient begins building rapport with the nurse.

Exploitation/Exploration Phase

Peplau's relationship phase where coping skills are developed, therapeutic responses are utilized, and active treatment progresses.

Resolution Phase

Peplau's final relationship phase where therapeutic goals are met and the patient transitions back to independent functioning in the community.

Maslow

Humanistic theorist who organized human motivations into a Hierarchy of Needs, starting from basic physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, esteem needs, and self-actualization.

Carl Rogers

Developer of client-centered therapy emphasizing unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathetic understanding.

Classical Conditioning

Pavlovian behavioral theory stating that behavior can be changed through external environmental conditions and associated stimuli.

Operant Conditioning

B.F. Skinner's behavioral theory asserting that behavior is learned through past experiences and system reinforcements.

Aaron Beck

Founder of cognitive therapy who introduced the cognitive triad, focusing on how personal perceptions directly influence feelings and behavior. If you change the way you look at it, your emotions and behaviors change too.

Rational Emotive Therapy

Albert Ellis's approach that confronts irrational beliefs to help individuals accept personal responsibility for their behaviors.

Logotherapy

Viktor Frankl's existential therapy centered on helping individuals assume personal responsibility by searching for meaning in life.

Gestalt Therapy

Fritz Perls's existential approach focusing on identifying feelings in the here-and-now to promote self-acceptance.

Reality Therapy

William Glasser's therapy focused on establishing identity through responsible behavior.

Group Therapy

Two or more people developing interactive relationships, sharing at least one common goal or issue, more than the sum of its part, and providing mutual support and perspective.

Task Roles

Informal group roles concerned with fulfilling the primary purpose of the group, including the information seeker, opinion seeker, energizer, coordinator, and recorder.

Maintenance Roles

Informal group roles that help keep the group cohesive and unified, such as the harmonizer, encourager, and elaborator.

Culture

The totality of learned, socially transmitted beliefs, values, and behaviors derived from interpersonal transactions within a group. Way of life.

Cultural Competence

Nursing care that is sensitive and responsive to issues of culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, social class, and economic status.

Acculturation

The process by which immigrants adopt the behaviors, language patterns, and values of a dominant culture.

Carper's Patterns of Knowing

Four fundamental patterns of nursing knowledge: Empirical (book knowledge), Personal (life experience), Ethical (moral knowledge), and Aesthetic (art of nursing).

Empirical Knowing

Book knowledge. Ex: learning about a panic attack

Personal Knowing

Life experiences. Ex: Seeing a panic attack

Ethical Knowing

Moral knowledge. Ex: sitting with a patient to comfort during a panic attack.

Aesthetic Knowing

Art of nursing. Ex: Problem solving to prevent the panic attack