Module 11 - Substance Abuse Disorders

What is a substance

Any material which causes temporary cognitive, behavioural, or physiological symptoms

What is a substance-related disorder

A problematic pattern of substance which leads to clinically significant impairment withing a 12-month period

What is substance intoxication

A reversible psychological change which occurs after ingesting a substance

What is substance use

General act of consuming a substance

What is substance misuse

Not using a substance the way it is intended

What is substance abuse

harmful use of a substance

What is an example of substance use

drinking coffee

What is an example of substance misuse

taking extra doses

What is an example of substance misuse

regular use of meth

How are substance use disorders diagnosed

based on the pattern of impairment and distress caused by the substance use

What are some impairments from SAD's

failure to fulfil obligations, spending lots of time using drugs, strains on relationships, recurrent use of substances where it is physically hazardous

What is required for a diagnosis

two of the symptoms in a 12-month period

What do depressants do

they target the central nervous system and are used to alleviate tension and stress

What do sedative-hypnotic drugs do

The create a calming and relaxing effect

What do opioids do

They produce effects of euphoria and drowsiness

What do stimulants do

They increase activity in the central nervous system

What do hallucinogens do

They produce sensory changes, including distortions of reality

What is poly-substance use

Using more than one substance at a time, such as multiple depressants which can cause their effects to compound on the CNS

What are some symptoms of internet gambling disorder

preoccupation, withdrawal, tolerance, loss of control, anhedonia, continued use despite negative outcomes, hiding, escape,

What are the demographics of SAD's

native Americans have the highest rate of substance abuse. its greater in men than women.

What view best explains substance-related disorders

a multifaceted biopsychosocial approach. This combines biological vulnerabilities, psychological processes, and sociocultural influences.

What are the biological factors of substance abuse disorders

genetics, neurobiology, and physical health.

What are the psychological factors of substance abuse

cognitive factors, such as the expectancy effect, and behavioural factors, such as operant conditioning.

How is positive and negative reinforcement seen in SAD

positive - feeling good, negative - blocking bad feelings

What are the sociocultural factors of SAD

Environmental influence, family influence, stressful events

What are biological treatments for SAD

detoxification, agonist drugs, antagonist drugs, medication assisted treatment

What are behavioural therapies for SAD

Aversion therapy (linking drug use to a negative stimuli), and contingency management (rewarding for desired behaviours)

How is CBT used to treat SAD

It helps addictions by identifying situations which can cause a relapse, and helps learn strategies to manage those situations.