PE Unit 3 AOS 2 Energy Systems and Acute Responses w Command Terms

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

chemical fuel that is the universal currency for energy, broken down to produce energy

carbohydrate loading

nutritional strategy optimising glycogen stores prior to endurance events to 50-100% above resting levels

hitting the wall

point when glycogen stores deplete

lactate shuttle

mobile fuel source for aerobic metabolism

VO2 max

max amount of oxygen that can be taken up, used and transported by the body

respiratory rate

number of breaths per min

tidal volume

amount of air breathed in and out in litres

ventilation

amount of air inspired and expired by the lungs in litres per minute

pulmonary diffusion

gaseous exchange of o2 and co2 in the lungs’ alveolar capillary interface

oxygen uptake

amount of oxygen that can be taken up, used and transported by the body (VO2)

heart rate

number of contractions of heart muscle per minute

stroke volume

amount of blood ejected from the heart’s left ventricle into the aorta each contraction (ml/beat)

cardiac output

total amount of blood ejected from the heart’s left ventricle per minute

blood pressure

pressure exerted by blood against arterial walls as it is forced through the circulatory system by the heart contracting

systolic

pressure recorded as blood is ejected/heart contractsd

diastolic

pressure recorded in heart’s relaxation phasea

aVO2 diff

difference in oxygen concentration in arterial blood and venous return

myoglobin

protein in muscle that extracts oxygen from the bloodstream

haemoglobin

protein carrying oxygen in blood to muscle

blood flow to muscles

part of redistribution during exercise

muscle temperature

product of aerobic metabolism being heatm

muscle enzyme activity

enzymes involved in chemical processes producing ATP in the three energy systems

ATPase

enzymes speeding up ATP formation from ADP and Pi

oxidative enzyme

helps oxidation process so ATP can be resynthesised aerobically, increasing rate

increased motor unit and muscle fibre recruitment

greater exercise intensity demand more muscle contractions, increased motor units recruited

effect of consuming protein and chos

stimulate greater release of insulin, promoting greater cho absorption and accelerate recovery of muscle glycogen levels

size principle

fast twitch fibres are faster and have more force than slow

explain

define cause effect

justify

reasons for against link

outline

summary example

compare

similarity evidence difference evidencec

critique

positives data negatives data improvement judgement

evaluate

judgement positive data negative data improvement example