Histology - Connective Tissue, Glandular Epithelium, etc. etc.

Areolar (INFO)

Description: Gel-like matrix Function: binds skin to underlying tissue, holds structures together Location: beneath skin, surrounds organs (under epithelium)

Areolar (IMAGE)

Adipose (INFO)

Description: Minimal Matrix Function: protection, stores energy, and insulation Location: beneath skin, around kidneys and heart, behind the eyeballs

Adipose (IMAGE)

Reticular (INFO)

Description: Networks of reticular fibers in a typical loose substance Function: provides support for other cells such as white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages Location: lymphoid organs

Reticular (IMAGE)

Dense Regular (INFO)

Description: Primarily parallel collagen fibers Function: bind body parts, connect muscle to bone and bone to bone. Location: tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis

Dense Regular (IMAGE)

Dense Irregular (INFO)

Description: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers Function: Withstands tension Location: dermis of the skin

Dense Irregular (IMAGE)

Hyaline Cartilage (INFO)

Description: firm matrix Function: support, protects, forms, the framework for future bones Location: ends of bones, soft part of the nose, costal cartilage, rings of trachea, embryonic skeleton

Hyaline Cartilage (IMAGE)

Elastic Cartilage (INFO)

Description: Many Chondrocytes, few fibers in the Matrix Function: supports provides a flexible framework Location: external ear (auricle), vocal cords

Elastic Cartilage (IMAGE)

Fibrocartilage (INFO)

Description: thick collagen fibers predominate. Function: supports, protects and acts as a shock absorber Location: between the vertebrae in the back (disks), menisci (pads) of the knees, symphysis pubis (pelvis)

Fibrocartilage (IMAGE)

Compact (Osseous) Bone (INFO)

Description: Hard, Densely Packed Function: support, forms a framework for body, stores ions (calcium and phosphorus) and produces blood cells
Location: skeletal bones and middle ear

Compact (Osseous) Bone (IMAGE)

Blood (INFO)

Description: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix. Function: transports gases (O2, CO2), fights infection and blood clotting Location: blood vessels and heart chambers

Blood (IMAGE)

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Function: Diffusion, filtration, and lining

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Location: Mesothelium, endothelium, loop of henle, bowman's capsule

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Function: Absorption, secretion, and lining/covering

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Location: Ducts, kidney tubules, thyroid gland, and ovary covering

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Function: Secrete mucin, absorption, and lining

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Location: Stomach, gallbladder, intestine, cervix

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Function: Move mucus, lining and secretion

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Location: Upper respiratory tract and urethra

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Structure:
-Cuboidal basement with squamous top layer
-Cell division in basal layer
-Keratinized or not

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Function: Protection from wear and tear

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Location: Vagina, anus, lining of mouth and throat

Transitional Epithelium

Structure: Dome shaped cells on top, polyhedral cells in the middle, and cuboidal/columnar near basement

Transitional Epithelium

Function: Stretchable and toxic resistant leak-proof barrier

Exocrine Gland Epithelium

Function: Secretion empty through ducts to the epithelial surface, include sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas

Endocrine Gland Epithelium

Description:
Often cuboidal cells inside gland secrete to interstitial fluid
Functions:
Secreted hormones regulate metabolism and maintain homeostasis

Collagen (Type I)

Structure: Collagen, fibroblasts, and ground substance

Collagen (Type I)

Function: Tensile strength, secretions, responsible for tissue repair and maintenance of cells

Collagen (Type I)

Location: Tendons, dermis, sheaths, capsule

Collagen (Type I)

Stain: Masson's Trichrome

Reticulin (Type III)

Structure: Branching small fibers

Reticulin (Type III)

Function: Support and stroma of highly cellular organs

Reticulin (Type III)

Location: Bone marrow, kidney, liver, spleen etc

Reticulin (Type III)

Stain: Silver impregnation technique

Elastic Tissue

Structure: Single fibers, branched network of fibers, and fenestrated sheets

Elastic Tissue

Location: Dermis, respiratory, blood vessels, connective tissue proper

Elastic Tissue

Stain: Van Gieson (acid and base dyes)

Basement Membrane

Structure: Collagen type IV and some reticulin. A thin sheet like membrane

Basement Membrane

Function: Anchors epithelium and permits flow of nutrients and waste

Basement Membrane

Stain: Silver Impregnation Technique, Periodic Acid

Loose Irregular Connective Tissue

Structure: Lots of ground substance, type I collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, vascular, contains macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes

Loose Irregular Connective Tissue

Function: Interconnection, nourishment, allows movement

Loose Irregular Connective Tissue

Location: Submucosa and adventitia in digestive system. Papillary dermis and hypodermis in skin

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Structure: Less ground substance, lots of collagen, fibroblasts and fibrocytes, vascular

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Function: Support and strength, fibers run in different directions

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Location: Dermis of skin, organ capsules, nerve and blood vessel sheaths

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Structure: Thick collagen bundles in one plane, avascular. These tissues provide great tensile strength and are designed to withstand pulling forces in one direction. Sometimes called white fibers

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Location: Tendons and ligaments

Adipose Tissue

Stain: Oil Red O

Hyaline Cartilage

Structure: Perichondrium, contains: chondroblasts, chondrocytes, and matrix

Chondrocytes

Cells that secrete cartilage.

Perichondrium

membrane that covers cartilage

Chondroblasts

cartilage forming cells

Hyaline Cartilage

Function: Semi-rigid support and smooth surface for sliding

Hyaline Cartilage

Location: Fetal skeleton, growth plates in long bones

Fibrocartilage

Structure: Cartilage that contains fibrous bundles of type I and II collagen

Fibrocartilage

Function: Support and rigidity. Strongest cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Location: Intervertebral discs and junctions in pelvis bone

Elastic Cartilage

Structure: Similar to hyaline but has elastic fibers. Type II collagen

Elastic Cartilage

Function: Elasticity and support to surrounding structures. Flexible semi-rigid support

Elastic Cartilage

Location: External ear, larynx

Elastic Cartilage

Stain: Elastic staining technique

Compact Bone

Structure: Contain osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, haversian canal, lamellae, canaliculi, and lacuna

Osteoblasts

Create bone matrix (osteoid)

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells found in lacunae

Osteoclasts

Giant bone-destroying cells in bones

Cancellous Bone/Spongy Bone

Structure: Similar to compact bone with an outer covering, trabeculae, howship's lacunae, and bone marrow

Blood

Stain: Romanowsky stain

Matrix

The material between the cells of connective tissue. It consists of protein fibers and ground substance.

Ground Substance

The material between the cells and protein fibers of connective tissues. It makes up part of the matrix.

Fibroblasts

produce fibers and ground substance

Macrophages

engulf bacteria and cellular debris

Mast cells

Widely distributed among connective tissue. Location: Near blood vessels, release heparin, compound that prevents blood clotting. Cells that release histamine, a chemical that promotes inflammation.

adipocytes

Energy storage cells.

Collagen fibers

Strong, flexible protein fibers that resist stretch.

Elastic fibers

Thinner, branching fibers that have the ability to stretch then return to original shape.

Reticular fibers

Fibers made of collagen that form the stroma/framework for organs like the spleen and lymph nodes.

Basement membrane

Connects epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue.

Loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, and reticular connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

A loose connective tissue containing collagen, elastic, reticular fibers; as well as fibroblasts, mast cells, and white blood cells. I t help for the subcutaneous layer, which holds the skin to underlying structures.

adipose tissue

A loose connective tissue composed primarily of fat cells.

reticular connective tissue

Connective tissue that contains reticular fibers and cells; used to make the framework of major organs

Dense connective tissue

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic connective tissue

Dense regular connective tissue

Composed of large quantities of collagen fibers running parallel to each other and fibroblasts; found in tendons and ligaments.

Dense irregular connective tissue

Composed of large quantities of collagen fibers running in multiple directions; found in the periosteum and pericardium.

Elastic connective tissue

Connective tissue made from elastic fibers that allows stretching; found in the lungs and artery walls.

chondrotin sulfate

Chemical found in the ground substance of cartilage that provides rubbery property.

Chondrocytes

cartilage cells

Perichondrium

Dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering cartilage

hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose.