HUNT 141

What are nutrients

Molecules found in food and beverages which are needed by the body for energy, growth, development and reproduction

Six types of nutrients

Water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals

What are the top three number of death attributes to diet?

High sodium, low in whole grains and low in fruits

What is a non-communicable disease?

long lasting disease which cannot be passed from person to person

What is a DALY?

Disability adjusted life year

Why are visual food guides good?

Simplify nutrition messages, shows proportions of foods, cross language and literacy barriers and motivates people to make healthy choices

Who uses dietary guidelines?

Professionals and the public

What are the macronutrients

Water, carbohydrates, protein, lipids and alcohol (not a nutrient but provides energy).

What are micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals, required in small amounts, do not provide energy

What are Atwater factors?

Energy in food, used to calculate metabolisable energy when you know the amount of macronutrient eaten. Measured in kj

What is the formula for calculating the energy of a food?

Energy (kj) = macronutrient (g) x Atwater factor (kj/g)

What are some high energy dense foods?

Fast food, cakes, biscuits, chips, butter and lollies

What drink has the highest kJ/100mL out of coke, juice and beer?

Juice, due to the high sugar content.

How much of your energy is recommended to be from carbohydrates?

45-65%

How much of your energy is recommended to come from fat?

20-35%

How much of your energy is recommended to come from protein?

15-25%

What does NRV stand for?

Nutrient reference values - apply to 97-98% of healthy people. Applies to average daily intakes

Which organ does most of the digestion and absorption occur?

The small intestine

What does the large intestine do?

Reabsorbs water and minerals, formation and storage of faeces and bacterial fermentation of indigestible materials.

What is coeliac disease?

It is when the calls lining the small bowel become damaged and inflamed. This means they become sensitive to foods such as gluten.

Probiotics are bacteria found in food such as:

Yoghurt, pickles and miso (fermented foods)

Prebiotics are found in foods such as:

Apple and banana

How much ethanol is in one standard drink?

10 grams

Where is the majority of alcohol metabolised?

In the liver

Where does unmetabolised alcohol go?

Urine, breath and breast milk, can be found in tests.

How is alcohol metabolised in most people?

Alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach, liver pancreas and brain. This is the rate limiting step.

What is the amount alcohol that can be metabolised every hour?

5 - 10 grams (0.5 - 1 drink)

What causes “Asian flush” when drinking alcohol?

Asian people have a different variant of ADH which causes a build up of acetaldehyde causing flushing and headaches.

What are the toxic effects of alcohol?

Disrupts the NADH/NAD+ ratio and cell damage to liver and brain.

Why do alcoholic drinks not have a nutrition information panel?

The only thing on it would be energy.

Why is alcohol so bad for young people?

They are leaner and their brains are still developing.

What is the Atwater factor for alcohol?

29 kJ/g