Immunohematology and Blood Banking Practice Exam Flashcards

These flashcards provide essential vocabulary and technical definitions from a blood banking and immunohematology lecture, covering storage parameters, genetics, immunology, and transfusion reactions.

Shift to the left (RBC storage)

An increase in hemoglobin oxygen affinity owing to a decrease in $2,3\text{-DPG}$, occurring when Red Blood Cells are stored.

CPDA-1

An anticoagulant preservative providing a storage time of $35$ days at $1^\circ\text{C}$ to $6^\circ\text{C}$ for whole blood and RBCs without additive solution.

Platelet Concentrate Requirement (Whole Blood)

Minimum requirement of $5.5 \times 10^{10}$ platelets in each concentrate prepared by centrifugation.

Apheresis Platelet Requirement

Minimum requirement of $3 \times 10^{11}$ platelets in an apheresis component.

FDA RBC Survival Criterion

Average 24-hour post-transfusion RBC survival of more than $75\%$.

Platelet Component Outdate pH

The lowest allowable pH for a platelet component is $6.2$.

Mitosis

Process where genetic material is duplicated and equally divided between two daughter cells.

Propositus

Another name for the "index case" in a genetic pedigree.

Exon

The coding region of a gene.

Transcription

The synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template.

Translation

The synthesis of proteins from RNA taking place on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Meiosis

Cell division necessary to keep the $N$ number of the cell consistent within populations.

Primary Immune Response Immunoglobulin

The class of immunoglobulin initially produced, which is $IgM$.

Secondary Immune Response Immunoglobulin

The class of immunoglobulin primarily produced during the secondary response, which is $IgG$.

MHC Class III

Major Histocompatibility Complex class that encodes complement components.

Recognition Unit (Classical Pathway)

The $C1q$ component in the classical complement pathway.

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

The complex consisting of $C5b$, $C6$, $C7$, $C8$, and $C9$ in the complement pathway.

Prozone

Refers to the presence of an excess amount of antibody in a test system.

Zone of Equivalence

A state of equilibrium in antigen-antibody reactions.

Opsonins

Molecules that promote the uptake of bacteria for phagocytosis.

Epitope

The unique confirmation of an antigen that allows recognition by a corresponding antibody.

Zeta Potential

The net negative charge surrounding red blood cells.

Plasmids

Vectors used for molecular cloning.

Polyspecific AHG Reagent

A reagent containing both anti-$IgG$ and anti-$C3d$.

Check Cells (Coombs' Control Cells)

Type O-positive cells coated with anti-D, used to confirm negative AHG reactions.

Bombay Phenotype

A phenotype characterized by no agglutination with Ulex europaeus and serum that reacts with group O donor RBCs.

Rhnull

Rare red blood cells that lack all Rh antigens.

Anti-P autoantibody

Specificity associated with patients suffering from Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH).

Kleihauer-Betke Test

A test method used to determine the approximate volume of fetal-maternal bleed.

SPRCA Test Endpoint

The endpoint is detected by the attachment of indicator cells.

cGMP

Current Good Manufacturing Practice; the minimum practice to ensure drug safety, purity, and potency.

TRALI Symptoms

Characterized by respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia, hypotension, and fever.

Syngeneic Transplant

An HPC transplant where the donor and recipient are identical twins.

Kernicterus

Brain damage caused by the effects of unconjugated bilirubin.

Haplotye

The association of alleles on the two $C6$ chromosomes as determined by family studies.