Introduction to Chemistry Concepts

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the lecture notes, including classifications of matter, physical and chemical properties and changes, mixture separation methods, and units of measurement.

Iron (chemical symbol per transcript)

An element identified with the chemical symbol p e, derived from its Latin name.

Law of Constant Composition

A law stating that each particular compound always contains the same elements in the exact same proportion.

Compound

A pure substance composed of two or more elements that can be broken down or separated into simpler substances.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances in which each retains its own identity and the overall composition can vary.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is visually uniform throughout and has the exact same composition, properties, and appearance in every part.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that does not have the same composition, properties, or appearance throughout, often consisting of multiple phases.

Pure Substance

A classification of matter that cannot vary in its composition regardless of the sample evaluated.

Physical Properties

Observable characteristics of a substance that can be determined without changing the substance into another substance.

Intensive Properties

Properties, also known as intrinsic properties, that do not depend on the amount of substance present.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that can only be observed when a substance undergoes a transformation or reaction into another substance.

Extensive Properties

Properties that depend directly on the amount of substance present, such as mass, volume, and energy.

Physical Change

A change in appearance or physical state of matter without any change occurring to its atomic composition.

Chemical Change

A transformation where a substance undergoes a chemical reaction to become a completely different substance.

Filtration

A method of separating mixtures by separating solid components from liquid components.

Distillation

A method used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in boiling points or gas formation.

Metric System

A decimal system of measurement used specifically in scientific research.

Kelvin

The scientific SI unit of measurement for temperature.