Colonization and Native Civilizations (Americas civilizations, Native societies, English colonization, and Carolina founding)

Flashcards cover key civilizations in the Americas, Native American societal structures, and major themes of English colonization and the Carolina founding based on the provided notes.

Which civilization located in Peru formed the largest empire in the Americas?

The Inca.

Which civilization located in Central America developed an advanced calendar and mathematics?

The Maya.

What was the name of the Aztec capital that became one of the largest cities in the Americas?

Tenochtitlan.

The Southwestern United States Native peoples were primarily based on agriculture and built elaborate what to support it?

Irrigation systems.

What was the primary lifestyle of the Great Plains and Great Basin peoples?

They hunted buffalo and were largely nomadic.

In the Northeastern region, which cultural group developed permanent villages and combined hunting, gathering, and agriculture?

Iroquoian-speaking peoples.

What were common roles of women in many Native American societies?

Caring for children, preparing meals, and managing daily tasks.

What factors contributed to conflicts between English colonists and Native Americans in the early colonial period?

Competition for land and resources, shifting alliances, and cultural misunderstandings.

Which allied Native American confederacy helped tribes resist colonial pressures?

The Iroquois Confederacy (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca).

What major historical event led to the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660?

The Restoration after the English Civil War.

After the Restoration, which colonies were granted charters by Charles II to reward loyal followers?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas.

What were the two regions into which the Carolinas were later divided, and what crops did they grow?

North Carolina and South Carolina; crops included rice and indigo.

Which English colonial founder is associated with the early Carolina colony?

Anthony Ashley Cooper (the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury).

What labor system supported the Carolina and southern plantation economies?

African slavery.

What was the general goal of English colonization in North America?

To gain profit and establish settlements (land ownership and mercantile expansion).

Name the three colonial regional groupings and one defining economic feature for each.

New England: shipbuilding and fishing; Middle Colonies: breadbasket agriculture and trade; Chesapeake and Southern Colonies: tobacco, rice, indigo, and slave labor.