unit 1 normans

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33 Terms

1

harald

  • king of norway

  • leader of the Varangian guard and leads vikns

  • old king of england Harthacanute promised father Magnus the throne

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2

thegns

  • lords who would gather men to fight forharold

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3

willim recruited

  • soldier for germant, and italy

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4

tostig

  • raided north folk and Lincolnshire

  • challenged authority at battle of fulford on 20th September 1066

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5

battle of hastings

  • Across on 27, landing 28 September

  • Picked up more soldiers in London, setting off 11th October, arriving 13th

  • William orders archer to shoot high in air, Harold kills by arrow in the eye Bayeux tapestry, or hacked to death

  • Fake retreat, English soldiers chase normans, breaking shoe wall, formations crumbling, Harold exposed

  • Rumours William died, panic and retreat, william lifts helmet, says, look at me, I am alive and with gods name I will conquer,

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6

Edwin and morcar

swear oath of fealty

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7

castles

  • built 5,000 in 40 years

  • pickering

  • pevensey

  • rhuddlah

  • chepstow

  • chester

  • pulverbatch

  • tretower

  • st daivds

  • Cardiff

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8

order vilatisu

  • praised William but critical of the harrying of the north

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9

edward

  • came into power 1042

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10

earl godwin

  • die 1053

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11

hill called

  • senlac ridge

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12

when left for normandy

  • put William firzosbern and odd in charge

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13

northern

  • didnt trust northern aristocracy, order barons to subdue cumbria

  • led expeditions to assert power over Yorkshire and north east glad himself

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14

rebellion in kent and northumbria

  • 1067

  • Eustace of Boulogne to track dover castles, failed

  • appointed cospig, ambushed and killed by former leader

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15

harrying of the north

  • 20 years later, 60% listed as waste in domesday boos

  • between 80-150,000 fewer people than 1066

  • from humber river to tees river

  • Staffordshire and Shropshire

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16

Edward’s father

  • Edward’s father Ethelred II, from 978,

  • however invaded by Scandinavians in 1013, and many inns, including three Scandinavians, Swein, Cnut, and Harthacnut

  • Edward fled to normandy, exile for over 20 years

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17

Edwards’ rule

  • returned 1042, as king

  • many powerful figures loyal to scandivanian rulers

  • godwin of Wessex, siward of northumbria and leofric of mercia were the most powerful earls, acted quickly to gain their support

  • had to defend against foreign claimants, Magnus of Norway, prepared fleet on the south coast, never came

  • gave important positions in royal household and church to followers he had gained in normandy,

    • many anglo saxons, including godwin, resented the foreign influence

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18

Godwins exile

  • king ordered godwi to punish the town of dover after a fight between townspeople and visit french noble, godwin refused

  • then gathered an army, went to confront, but didn’t have enough men

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19

Godwin’s

  • Godwin was earl of Wessex until 1018, oldest and richest earldom

  • 1042, supported Edward claim

  • Edward married Godwin’s daughter, edith

  • godwin less powerful as Edward favoured the normans in the royal household

  • Godwin’s son, Harold, was earl of east anglia, Godwin died, Harold gave it up to be Earl of Wessex

  • brother, tostig, Gyrth, Leofwine, earls, sister the queen, dominate figures

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20

20 september

  • battle of gate fulford

  • Harold went north, he had dismissed the Fyrd, so had to gather troops on there way

  • hardrada asked for hostages after victory and went to stamford bridge to collect, didnt take his whole army as he wasn’t expecting a battle

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21

castles, building material

  • earliest, wood and earth, quickly and without skilled labour

    • later repacked, stone castles, for example 1070, ordered hastings castles should be rebuilt using stone

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22

castles, location

  • sometimes, used natural parts of the landscape to make castles easier to defend

    • Richmond castles, next to a steep drop into the river swale,

  • also reused existing anglo saxon structures

    • pevensey and exeter built inside fortifications that had existed before the conquest

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23

castle building

  • prevent invasion, south coast, dover, Arundel, corfe,

  • in response to rebellions

  • highly visible symbol

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24

knights

the tenants in chief’s vassals

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25

more revolt of earls

  • Ralph, under seige in norwich castles, escaped and left wife Emma in control

  • went to Denmark for reinforcements, but arrived too late, Emma surrended after a long siege, exile

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26

some shire courts crime

criminal cases, dealt with cases involving land and property, attended by important people in the shire, major landholders and senior churchmen

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27

everyday problems in villages

manor courts, like peasants who weren’t working properly

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28

domesday book

notes who held land in 1066, how much it was worth then, and its values in 1086

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29

rebuilt buildings

Wharram Percy, a village in Yorkshire, the normans built a stone mill for grinding grain to make flour

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30

farming

  • no machinery

  • plough fields and plants seeds,

  • grown on lord’s land went straight to him, own land as well

  • learnt a trade too, blacksmith and carpenter

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31

land dusts between a lord’s vassals

honourial courts

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32

some hundred courts crimes

less serious, stealing livestock, failing to repay small debts

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33

king’s council

curia regis, made up of tenants in chief,

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