Social Studies

arduous

hard to accomplish; difficult or dangerous

astrolabe

a device for taking measurements of the positions of heavenly bodies for purposes of navigation

bolster

to add to or support

caravel

a small, two- or three-masted ship built after the Middle Ages by the Portuguese or Spanish

circumnavigated

sailed around the entire world

demarcation

a division, border, or boundary

elusive

hard to obtain or find

entralled

charmed or greatly interested by

financier

a person who handles money; someone who puts up the money for an enterprise or business

isthmus

a narrow strip of land bordered on both sides by a body of water and connecting two larger areas of land

malaria

an infectious disease characterized by periodic and recurring chills and fever

motivation

the reason behind a person’s actions

mutiny

a rebellion against authority, particularly against the captain or leader of a ship or mission

navigation

the art or science of plotting, determining, or directing the course of travel

stupor

a numbness of the mind, like sleepiness or lack of feeling

Leif Ericson

First European to reach the Americas

Muslims

Controlled the Holy Land during the middle ages

Marco Polo

Traveled to China and returned with goods

Henry the navigator

Started a school for navigators in Portugal

Christopher Columbus

credited with discovering the Americas for Spain.

What were the wars to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule called?

Crusades

What China was called when Marco Polo visited and lived there?

Cathay

Who was the first nation to succeed in reaching the Far East by sea?

Portugal

Where was Christopher Columbus born?

Genoa Italy

What were the three motivations for discovery?

Wealth, Religion, Fame

What area of the future United States was explored by Ponce de Leon?

Florida

Whose expedition circumnavigated the earth?

Ferdinand Magellan

Who was the First European to discover the Caribbean?

Christopher Columbus

What was the theoretical northern water route around North America to reach the Orient?

The Northwest Passage

What is the tallest mountain in the Appalachian Mountains?

Mount Mitchell

What are the 3 main regions of eastern North America?

Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont Region, Atlantic Coastal

accomodate

to allow; to oblige someone in need.

ambitious

having an eagerness and strong desire to achieve or obtain

artisans

persons skilled in an applied art, such as a carpenter, blacksmith, or baker

conscience

the inborn sense of right and wrong

headright

a grant of land given based upon headship of a household

precarious

uncertain or dangerous; facing hardship and hazard

presidio

a Spanish military fort

sympathetic

looking upon with compassion or favor

tobacco

an aromatic plant that is grown for its leaves, which are smoke or chewed (harmful to health)

viceroyalty

a region ruled over by a viceroy (individual who runs an area in the name of a monarch)

Who were the Hugenots?

French Protestants

What were the two viceroyalties into which the Spanish claims were divided, and where were they located?

New Spain in North America and Peru in South America

What nation was interested in the fur trade in North America?

France

Who received a charter to start a colony in Virginia?

Sir Walter Raleigh

Who was Virginia named after?

Queen Elizabeth I, the virgin queen

Who was the first English child born in America?

Virginia Dare

The word CROATOAN was the only clue to the whereabouts of what colony?

Roanoke

Who became king after Queen Elizabeth I?

King James VI

What were the two things that settlers in the Chesapeake Bay area were supposed to do?

Spread religion and make a profit

The worst hazard faced by the settlers in Jamestown was what?

malaria

Who saved the Jamestown colony from ruin?

Captain John Smith

What was the first popularly elected government in America?

Virginia’s House of Burgesses

What 2 groups or individuals in authority in the Church of England caused the Puritans to have a difficult time purifying the church of England?

The King and the Bishop

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement signed in 1620 establishing the first framework for self-government in Plymouth Colony.

Who brought tobacco into the americas?

John Rolfe

When was the colony of Jamestown founded?

1607

adhered

followed consistently as by a commitment to an idea or rule

aggression

the state of being angry and of pursuing a course of violent action against another

agrarian

having to do with agriculture or farming

availed

took advantage of an opportunity

dissenters

people who disagree with the doctrines or policies of an established church

haven

a place of safety and sanctuary

incident

something that happens; a particular event

interference

something that obstructs or meddles with a planned course

mandartory

absolutely required

militia

a group of citizens who drill as a military unit and can be called out at times of crises

penal

having to do with the punishment of criminal behavior

plight

one’s condition, especially if the circumstances one faces are not good or favorable

seceded

withdrew from an alliance with

somber

dull or drab in color

What was the period of time in which a large number of colonists from England arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630s?

The Great Migration

What colony did Maine break away from?

Massachusetts

Who founded the Providence Plantations?

Roger Williams

What war led to King Philip’s War (a larger conflict between colonists and native americans also known as the Metacomets War)?

Pequot War

Who formed the charter called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

Thomas Hooker

What is the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

It gave men who owned property the right to vote.

For whom was Maryland named?

Henrietta Maria

What religious group started the Maryland colony?

Catholics

What was the purpose of the Toleration Act of 1649?

Religious freedom

Who was the founder of the colony of Pennsylvania?

William Penn

What was the Charter of Liberties?

It made Penn limit his authority.

Who was Carolina named after?

King Charles I

What were the two basic areas into which Carolina was divided?

North Carolina - Abermarle, South Carolina - Cape Fear

What characteristic of the Caribbean plantation system was adopted in southern part of Carolina?

enslaved labor

What was the last of the thirteen colonies to be founded?

Georgia