Earth Science Chapter 22 BJU 5th ed

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20 Terms

1
astronomical unit (AU)
The average distance from the Earth to the Sun, about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers).
2
solar spectrum
The range of all the different wavelengths (colors) of light emitted by the Sun.
3
nuclear fusion
The process in the Sun’s core where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing a huge amount of energy.
4
Photosphere
The visible surface of the Sun from which light is emitted.
5
Chromosphere
A thin layer of the Sun’s atmosphere just above the photosphere, seen as a reddish glow during a solar eclipse.
6
Corona
The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, visible as a white halo during a total solar eclipse.
7
Prominence
A large, bright loop of gas that extends from the Sun’s surface, often looping back due to magnetic forces.
8
solar wind
A stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun that travels through space.
9
Sunspot
A dark, cooler area on the Sun’s surface caused by magnetic activity.
10
sola flare
A sudden, intense burst of radiation from the Sun’s surface, caused by magnetic energy being released.
11
Ray
Bright streaks of material that radiate from a crater on the Moon, formed by impact explosions.
Bright streaks of material that radiate from a crater on the Moon, formed by impact explosions.
12
Mare
A large, dark plain on the Moon’s surface formed by ancient lava flows; Latin for “sea.”
13
Rille
A long, narrow valley or trench on the Moon’s surface, often formed by lava flow or collapsing ground.
14
Ecliptic
The apparent path the Sun takes through the sky over the course of a year, also the plane of Earth’s orbit.
15
Revolution
The movement of one object around another, like the Earth orbiting the Sun.
The movement of one object around another, like the Earth orbiting the Sun.
16
Rotation
The spinning of a planet or moon on its axis.
The spinning of a planet or moon on its axis.
17
lunar phase
The changing appearance of the Moon from Earth, caused by the Moon’s position relative to the Earth and Sun.
18
Terminator
The dividing line between the lit and dark sides of the Moon or a planet.
The dividing line between the lit and dark sides of the Moon or a planet.
19
solar eclipse
An event where the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking sunlight from reaching Earth.
20
lunar eclipse
An event where the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.