Abraham Maslow - Chapter 6

How do you move up the hierarchy of needs

How do you move up the hierarchy of needs

• Physiological needs

• Safety needs

• Belongingness and love needs

• Esteem needs

• Self-actualization

lower needs occupy the mind while WHAT

lower needs occupy the mind while UNSATISFIED

Physiological needs:

• Grounded in WHAT - the body maintaining critical levels of water, salt, energy, temperature

Physiological needs:

• Grounded in HOMEOSTASIS - the body maintaining critical levels of water, salt, energy, temperature

Physiological needs

• The most prepotent needs: lacking everything, a person's WHAT is consumed by WHAT and WHAT

Physiological needs

• The most prepotent needs: lacking everything, a person's CONSCIOUSNESS is consumed by FOOD and WATER

Physiological needs

• The lowest and most clearly WHAT - the most animal-like of our behaviour

Physiological needs

• The lowest and most clearly BIOLOGICAL - the most animal-like of our behaviour

Safety needs

• Most visible in WHAT children: startled by loud noises, flashing lights, rough handling; upset when family members fight because it disrupts the safety of home

Safety needs

• Most visible in YOUNG children: startled by loud noises, flashing lights, rough handling; upset when family members fight because it disrupts the safety of home

Safety needs

• Maslow: many adult WHAT are like children who do not WHAT safe

Safety needs

• Maslow: many adult NEUROTIC are like children who do not FEEL safe

Safety needs

• Few people around us lack food - but many live WHAT lives: inner city crime, abusive spouses and parents, incurable disease

Safety needs

• Few people around us lack food - but many live UNSAFE lives: inner city crime, abusive spouses and parents, incurable disease

Safety needs

• Evolutionarily, safety was found in the WHAT, WHAT, and WHAT - the same groups that shared WHAT and WHAT

Safety needs

• Evolutionarily, safety was found in the FAMILY, TRIBE, and COMMUNITY - the same groups that shared HUNTING and GATHERING

Belongingness and Love needs

• Love needs require both WHAT and WHAT love to be fully satisfied (care taking vs care giving)

Belongingness and Love needs

• Love needs require both GIVING and RECEIVING love to be fully satisfied (care taking vs care giving)

Esteem needs

• Everyone desires a stable, firmly based WHAT of themselves and of those WHAT to them

Esteem needs

• Everyone desires a stable, firmly based, HIGH EVALUATION of themselves and of those CLOSE to them

Esteem needs - Two components:

• Feeling WHAT, WHAT, WHAT

• WHAT or WHAT - from simple recognition to fame and glory

Esteem needs - Two components:

• Feeling COMPETENT, STRONG, SUCCESSFUL

• PRESTIGE or STATUS - from simple recognition to fame and glory

Esteem needs

• The healthiest self-esteem rests on WHAT-earned, WHAT - not fleeting fame or celebrity

Esteem needs

• The healthiest self-esteem rests on WELL-earned, DESERVED RESPECT - not fleeting fame or celebrity

Esteem needs

• A dissenting voice: Albert Ellis called self-esteem a WHAT - rating yourself invites the inevitable WHAT verdict (no one is perfect)

Esteem needs

• A dissenting voice: Albert Ellis called self-esteem a SICKNESS - rating yourself invites the inevitable NEGATIVE verdict (no one is perfect)

Self-actualization: the being-need

• Deficiency needs (D-needs): WHAT

Self-actualization: the being-need

• Deficiency needs (D-needs): physiological, safety, belongingness/love, esteem - driven by LACK

Self-actualization: the being-need

• Being-need (B-need): WHAT

Self-actualization: the being-need

• Being-need (B-need): self-actualization - driven by GROWTH and MEANING

Self-actualization: the being-need

• All the basic needs are WHAT - shared with WHAT in origin. The higher, the more distinctly WHAT. WHAT is uniquely human

Self-actualization: the being-need

• All the basic needs are INSTINCTOID - shared with ANIMALS in origin. The higher, the more distinctly HUMAN. SELF-ACTUALIZATION is uniquely human

Self-actualization: the being-need

• Beyond even the Being-needs: WHAT

Self-actualization: the being-need

• Beyond even the Being-needs: TRANSCENDENCE

Transcendance

A state tying all people and the whole of creation together

Studying self-actualizers

• Criterion: people making full use of their WHAT, WHAT, and WHAT - with no evidence of WHAT

Studying self-actualizers

• Criterion: people making full use of their TALENTS, CAPACITIES, and POTENTIALITIES - with no evidence of PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Studying self-actualizers

• Comparing them with less-fulfilled lives, Maslow identified WHAT characteristics of self-actualizing people (Maslow, 1950/1973, 1970)

Studying self-actualizers

• Comparing them with less-fulfilled lives, Maslow identified FOURTEEN characteristics of self-actualizing people (Maslow, 1950/1973, 1970)

Studying self-actualizers

• Methodological caution worth naming: a hand-picked, admired sample - WHAT, not rigorous

Studying self-actualizers

• Methodological caution worth naming: a hand-picked, admired sample - INSPIRING, not rigorous

Desacralization and Resacralization

• Transcendence - losing the sense of a WHAT, feeling intimate connection with the WHAT and all people - is blocked by a WHATMaslow called WHAT

Desacralization and Resacralization

• Transcendence - losing the sense of a SEPARATE SELF, feeling intimate connection with the WORLD and all people - is blocked by a DEFENCE MECHANISMS Maslow called DESACRALIZATIONS

Desacralization and Resacralization

• Desacralization: WHAT

Desacralization and Resacralization

• Desacralization: rejecting the VALUES and VIRTUES of one's parents wholesale → growing up unable to see anything as sacred, eternal, or symbolic → a life without MEANING

Desacralization and Resacralization

• “Sacred” need not be WHAT: regarded with great WHAT and WHAT by a group or individual

Desacralization and Resacralization

• “Sacred” need not be RELIGIOUS: regarded with great RESPECT and REVERENCE by a group or individual

Desacralization and Resacralization

• Resacralization: WHAT

Desacralization and Resacralization

• Resacralization: deciding what is SACRAD and letting it GUIDE life - Maslow saw helping clients do this as an essential task of THERAPY

The chapter's cross-cultural thread: Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, and humanist voices converge on WHAT and some version of the WHAT - treat others as you would be treated

The chapter's cross-cultural thread: Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, and humanist voices converge on COMPASSION and some version of the GOLDEN RULE - treat others as you would be treated

Pargament and Mahoney (2005): spirituality = WHAT

Pargament and Mahoney (2005): spirituality = the process of DISCOVERING and CONSERVING the sacred

Pargament and Mahoney (2005): spirituality = the process of discovering and conserving the sacred; research findings:

• Couples who sanctify their marriage report greater WHAT, less WHAT, better problem-solving

• Parents who sanctify parenting report less WHAT, more consistent WHAT

• For college students, spiritual striving correlated with WHAT more than any other form of goal-setting

Pargament and Mahoney (2005): spirituality = the process of discovering and conserving the sacred; research findings:

• Couples who sanctify their marriage report greater SATISFACTION, less CONFLICT, better problem-solving

• Parents who sanctify parenting report less AGGRESSION, more consistent DISCIPLINE

• For college students, spiritual striving correlated with WELL-BEING more than any other form of goal-setting

Caution: sanctification is not automatically WHAT - the chapter's example is the Heaven's Gate cult

Caution: sanctification is not automatically HEALTHY - the chapter's example is the Heaven's Gate cult