Ch 12 & 13: Eye & Ear

Blephar/o

eyelid

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva

cor/o

pupil

corne/o / kerat/o

cornea

dacry/o / lacrim/o

tears

ir/o / irid/o

iris

ocul/o

eye

amblyopia / lazy eye

reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision. The brain suppresses images from the impaired eye to avoid double vision

anisometropia

significant unequal refractive error between two eyes

astigmatism

blurred vision caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens. Light refracts improperly, resulting in diffused, rather than points of light focusing on the retina

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye

chalazion / meibomian cyst

noninfected obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid

Drusen

yellowish deposits located under the retina; commonly associated with aging and macular degeneration

retinal detachment

separation of the retina from the choroid in the posterior portion of the eye resulting in a disruption of vision that may be permanent if treatment is delayed; onset may be gradual or sudden and is not painful

retinitis pigmentosa

hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes

strabismus

condition in which the eyes look in different directions; caused by dysfunction of the external eye muscles or an uncorrected refractive error (called cross-eyed when one eye turns in)

sty / stye / hordeolum

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid

eye

organ of vision

sclera

outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of the eye

cornea

transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to the aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows the light rays to enter the eye.

uvea

layer of tissue beneath the sclera and cornea; contains the choroid, iris, and ciliary body

choriod

middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the eye

iris

pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

ciliary body

connects the choroid to the iris; produces aqueous humor and helps change the shape of the lens for focusing

pupil

opening in the center of the iris

lens

lies directly behind the pupil; its function is to focus and bend light

retina

innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors

macula

small portion of the retina at the back of the eye; responsible for detailed central vision

optic nerve

carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain

aqueous humor

watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye. It provides nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye.

vitreous humor

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

meibomian glands / tarsal glands

oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye

lacrimal apparatus

network of glands, ducts, canals, and sacs that produce and drain tears; the lacrimal gland produces tears, which then flow through the lacrimal ducts to cover the surface of the eye. Tears drain into lacrimal canals, flow into the lacrimal sac (tear sac) and then into the nasolacrimal duct, which opens into the nasal cavity

conjunctiva

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

ophthalm/o

eye

opt/o

vision

phac/o

lens

angi/o

blood vessels or vessels

blast/o

developing cell; germ cell

cry/o

cold

cyst/o

bladder, sac

(sac is used primarily for eyes)

dipl/o

two; double

a- / an-

absnce of; without

bin-

two

-al / -ar / -ary / -eal / -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-ectomy

excision; surgical removal

-graphy

process of recording / radiographic imaging

-ia

diseased or abnormal state

-malacia

softening

phak/o

lens

pupill/o

pupil

retin/o

retina

scler/o

sclera

uve/o

uvea

is/o

equal

myc/o

fungus

nas/o

nose

phot/o

light

pseud/o

false

rhin/o

nose

ton/o

tension; pressure

xer/o

dry, dryness

endo- / intra-

within

-meter

instrument used to measure

-metry

measurement

-oma

tumor; swelling

-opia

vision

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-pexy

surgical fixation

-phobia

abnormal fear or aversion

-plasty

surgical repair

-plegia

paralysis

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-tomy

cut into / incision

-stomy

creation of an artifical opening

aphakia

condition of without a lens (may be congenital,

though often is the result of extraction of a cataract without the placement of an intraocular lens)

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

blepharoptosis / ptosis

drooping of the eyelid

conjunctivitis / pink eye

inflammation of the conjunctiva

dacryocystitis

inflammation of the tear (lacrimal) sac

diplopia

double vision

endophthalmitis

inflammation within the eye

iridoplegia

paralysis of the iris

iritis

inflammation of the iris

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

keratomalacia

softening of the cornea (usually a bilateral condition associated with vitamin A deficiency)

leukocoria

condition of white pupil

oculomycosis

abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus

ophthalmalgia

pain in the eye

ophthalmopathy

(any) disease of the eye

ophthalmoplegia

paralysis of the eye (muscle)

phacomalacia

softening of the lens

retinoblastoma

tumor arising from a developing retinal cell (malignant, may be congenital; occurs mainly in children )

retinopathy

(any noninflammatory) disease of the retina (such as diabetic retinopathy)

scleritis

inflammation of the sclera

scleromalacia

softening of the sclera

uveitis

inflammation of the uvea

uveoscleritis

inflammation of the uvea and sclera