cardiovascular system

Plasma

Liquid matrix of blood consisting of water, proteins, and other solutes, making up 55% of blood.

Formed elements

Cellular components of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Hemopoiesis

Process of producing blood cells from pluripotent stem cells in the red bone marrow.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells containing hemoglobin to carry oxygen, making up about 99% of the blood cellular component.

Leukocytes

White blood cells with a nucleus and organelles, classified as granular or agranular based on the presence of vesicles.

Platelets

Cell fragments used for blood clotting, produced from hemopoietic stem cells under the influence of thrombopoietin.

Hemostasis

Process to stop bleeding involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting (coagulation).

Blood Groups

Classification based on the presence of glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens on red blood cells, with different blood types and antigens.

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Condition where Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus leads to hemolysis of fetal red blood cells.

Cardiovascular System

Closed system of blood, heart, and blood vessels delivering oxygen, nutrients, and removing waste products.

Heart Chambers

Four chambers including atria (receiving) and ventricles (discharging) acting as separate pumps.

Heart Valves

Four valves allowing blood flow in one direction, including atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

Blood Vessels

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart, and capillaries exchange substances with tissues.

Arteries

Blood vessels with the thickest walls.

Veins

Blood vessels with larger lumens.

Capillaries

Blood vessels with walls only one cell layer thick for exchanges.

Pulse

Pressure wave of blood in the body.

Blood Pressure

Force of blood on vessel walls; measured as systolic and diastolic.

Systolic

Blood pressure when the heart contracts.

Diastolic

Blood pressure when the heart relaxes.

Cardiovascular System Disease

Conditions like arteriosclerosis, heart failure, aneurysm, stroke, and leukemia.