World Anti-Doping and Ergogenic Aids - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from ergogenic aids, anti-doping concepts, regulatory bodies, prohibited substances, and related procedures from the lecture notes.

Ergogenic Aids

Substances or devices that enhance energy production, use, or recovery and provide an athlete with a competitive advantage.

Physiological Aids

Ergogenic aids designed to enhance performance by improving the body's physiological processes.

Altitude Training

Training at high altitude to induce adaptations that improve oxygen delivery and endurance.

Blood Doping

Methods to increase red blood cell count to boost oxygen transport and endurance.

Massage Therapy

Therapeutic manual manipulation of soft tissues to aid recovery and reduce fatigue.

Cryotherapy

Cold water immersion or other cold treatments to reduce muscle soreness and inflammation.

Psychological Aids

Mental strategies and techniques to improve focus, motivation, confidence, and stress management.

Visualization

Mental imagery used to rehearse and enhance sport performance.

Deep Breathing

Controlled breathing techniques to relax and regulate arousal.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)

Systematic tensing and relaxing of muscle groups to reduce physical tension.

Biofeedback

Use of physiological feedback to gain voluntary control of bodily processes.

Cognitive Behavioral Techniques (CBT)

Psychological strategies to modify thoughts and behaviors affecting performance.

Mechanical Aids

Devices or tools to enhance performance, training, injury prevention, or rehabilitation.

Compression Garments

Tight-fitting clothing applying pressure to aid performance or recovery.

Kinesiology Tape

Elastic tape applied to support muscles and joints and facilitate movement.

Grip Aids

Chalk, gloves, and similar items used to improve grip.

Virtual Reality (VR) / Augmented Reality (AR)

Technologies used to simulate or augment training and performance analysis.

Biomechanical Analysis Systems

Tools that measure and analyze movement and technique.

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids

Dietary supplements or foods that may enhance energy, strength, fatigue resistance, or recovery.

Protein Supplements

Dietary proteins (e.g., whey, casein, soy) to support muscle recovery and growth.

Whey Protein

Fast-absorbing protein used for post-workout recovery.

Casein Protein

Slow-absorbing protein providing sustained amino acids, often before sleep.

Soy Protein

Plant-based protein supporting muscle repair and growth.

Creatine

Supplement increasing ATP availability to enhance high‑intensity performance.

Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine; may reduce muscle soreness and aid recovery.

Beta-Alanine

Amino acid that buffers acid in muscles, delaying fatigue and potentially improving endurance.

Caffeine

Stimulant that increases alertness, focus, and endurance performance.

Electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium; maintain fluid balance and muscle function.

Nitrate (Beetroot Juice)

Converts to nitric oxide in the body to improve blood flow and endurance.

Carbohydrate Supplements

Quick-energy sources (glucose, maltodextrin, fructose) for prolonged exercise.

Fish Oil (Omega-3)

Fatty acids that reduce inflammation and may aid recovery.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Buffer that neutralizes blood acidity to delay fatigue during high-intensity work.

Antioxidants

Vitamins/minerals (e.g., Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium) that reduce oxidative stress.

Iron

Mineral essential for oxygen transport; prevents anemia and supports endurance.

Vitamin D

Nutrient supporting bone health and muscle function.

Calcium

Mineral essential for bone health and muscle function.

Anabolic Steroids

Synthetic steroids (e.g., testosterone, nandrolone, stanozolol) banned for performance enhancement.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Peptide hormone that promotes muscle growth and recovery; banned in sport.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone that increases red blood cell production to boost endurance; banned.

Stimulants

Drugs like amphetamines, ephedrine, and cocaine that raise alertness but carry health risks.

Clenbuterol

Beta-2 agonist used for fat burning and muscle development; banned in sport.

Diuretics and Masking Agents

Drugs that alter fluid balance or mask the presence of other substances.

Beta-Blockers

Drugs that slow the heart rate and can reduce anxiety; banned in-competition in some sports.

Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)

Permission to use a prohibited substance/method for a medical condition when necessary.

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

Global regulator for anti-doping activities and policy development.

World Anti-Doping Code

Core regulatory document governing anti-doping rules and programs worldwide.

Prohibited List

List of substances and methods prohibited in sport; updated annually by WADA.

Banned at All Times

Substances/methods banned 24/7, detectable at any time (out-of-competition included).

Banned in Competition

Substances/methods banned only during competition periods.

Banned in Particular Sports

Substances/methods banned in specific sports due to sport-specific risks.

Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs)

Violations of anti-doping rules (e.g., presence, use, evading, tampering, etc.).

Presence (ADRVs)

A positive test result indicating prohibited substance in the athlete.

Use or Attempt to Use (ADRVs)

Usage of prohibited substance or attempting usage.

Evading or Refusal (ADRVs)

Evading sample collection or refusing testing.

Tampering (ADRVs)

Interfering with any part of the doping control process.

Possession (ADRVs)

Possession of prohibited substances or methods.

Trafficking (ADRVs)

Selling, distributing, or distributing prohibited substances.

Administration (ADRVs)

Administering prohibited substances to another person or oneself.

Prohibited Association (ADRVs)

Associating with individuals or groups involved in doping activities.

Complicity (ADRVs)

Conspiring with others to commit anti-doping rule violations.

Public Disclosure

Requirement to disclose doping sanctions publicly.

Sri Lanka Anti-Doping Agency (SLADA)

Sri Lanka’s statutory anti-doping body established in 2013; operates under the Ministry of Youth and Sports.

Therapeutic Use Exemption Criteria (4 points)

TUE assessment criteria: (1) necessary treatment for diagnosed condition, (2) unlikely to enhance performance, (3) no reasonable therapeutic alternative, (4) must not be used without valid TUE.

Compliance

Adherence to the World Anti-Doping Code and anti-doping rules.

Testing

Process of collecting and analyzing samples to detect prohibited substances.

Investigations

Procedures to examine potential anti-doping rule violations.

Education

Efforts to inform athletes and support personnel about anti-doping rules and healthy practices.

Laboratories

Approved facilities that conduct analytical testing of athlete samples.