EMT chapters 16,7,17

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206 Terms

1
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what three things can be a sign in a change of circulation

sweating, anxiety, restlessness,

2
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when is the only time where it’s okay to skip reassessment

when life-saving interventions are preventing you from doing so

3
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for conscious pts during reassesment remember to what ?

talk to them, get down to their level and explain what you’re doing before doing so

4
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what is the first step in reassessment

repeat primary

5
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what is the second step in reassessment

reassess and record vitals

6
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what is the third step in reassessment

repeat pertinent parts of the secondary assessment

7
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what is the fourth step in reassessment

check interventions

8
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after providing interventions its important to ask patients what ?

if they feel any changes in symptoms (make sure you let the pt answer and try NOT to steer their answers in any direction)

9
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what two things are you checking for in your interventions

1- ensure adequacy of oxygen and other interventions 2-ensure management of any bleeding and that its working

10
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check to make sure that the oxygen tubing hasn’t become ___________ or _____________

kinked or disconected

11
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what is the first step in checking the path of oxygen

check the regulator on the tank and make sure that it has sufficient oxygen

12
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what is the second step in checking the path of oxygen

check that the flowmeter is set to proper flow

13
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what is the third step in checking the path of oxygen

look at the tubing for any sort of kinks or interuptions

14
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what is the fourth step in checking the path of oxygen

look at the mask/cannula make sure it’s attatched

15
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what is the fifth step in checking the path of oxygen

make sure the attatchment is positioned correctly on the pt

16
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when using a NRB on a pt what thing are you checking for when looking at the bag

that bag does not deflate on pt inhale

17
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if the bag on a NRB decreases on pt inhale what do you do

increase the flow rate

18
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what three things do you do when reassessing wounds that are not visible

1-use gloves-2-gently palpate the area-3-look for blood on your gloves

19
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observing __________ in vitals is more important then a single set of vitals

trends

20
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metabolism is the conversion of what?

glucose (which becomes ATP, energy for the cell)

21
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water levels influence the concentrations of important chemicals in the cells like __________?

electrolytes

22
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what are electrolytes

substances that when dissolved in water seperate into charged particles

23
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glucose binds with _________ to form energy/metabolism

oxygen

24
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what is aerobic metabolism

cellular process when oxygen is used to metabolize

25
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what are the benefits of aerobic metabolism

-efficient energy amounts & little amounts of waste created

26
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what is anaerobic metabolism

a cellular process that does not use oxygen

27
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what is a downside to anaerobic metabolism

ineffecient with energy and creates a lot of waste

28
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what is a waste product of anaerobic metabolism

it creates CO2 and pyruvic acid (becomes that much more ineffective because now the body has to use energy to remove carbon dioxide)

29
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what happens when carbon dioxide levels are too high in the body

the body will increase RR

30
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what is another bodily response when carbon dioxide levels become high within the body

acid levels in the body will increase → body becomes acidotic

31
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whats the first thing that will happen when the body becomes acidotic

hemoglobin will become less atracted to the blood

32
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whats the second thing that will happen when the body becomes acidotic

SpO2 levels will significantly decrease because their is not proper oxygen being delivered to the tissues

33
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the oxygen that is needed for aerobic respiration is supplied via what system ?

the respiratory system

34
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what system carries oxygen throughout the body

the cardiovascular system

35
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diseases or infections of any kind can damage what part of the cell

the cell membrane

36
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ineffective membranes can allow ___________ into the cell which can interfere with the body’s regulation of water

toxins

37
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what two parts of the body are major factors in the body’s flight or fight system

-the medulla oblongata -the hypothalamus

38
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feed and breed OR rest and digest refers to which system

the parasympathetic nervous system

39
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the ______________ nervous system slows down HR and BP

parasympathetic

40
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the scientific name for adrenaline is

epinephrine

41
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epinephrine and ___________ are both produced by the sympathetic nervous system

norepinephrine

42
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norepi and epi are produced by what part of the body

the adrenal glands

43
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epi and norepi cause the bronchial tubes to __________

dilate

44
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plasma makes up __________ percent of blood

54%

45
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white cells and platlets make up _________ percent of blood

1%

46
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RBC make up _______ percent of blood

45%

47
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what is hydrostatic pressure

pushes water out of the blood vessels into the cell

48
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__________and with children is an extreme reaction (usually an indicator of hypovolemia

vasocontriction (high HR)

49
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when blood vessels are forced into unctonrolled dilation can cause a drop in internal pressure this is known as a loss of _________

tone

50
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what is addison’s disease

it is a condition of adrenal insufficiency

51
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___________ type of medication is used for managing blood pressure but also reduce epi and norepi

beta blockers

52
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“air goes in, air goes out, and blood goes round and round” this quote is known to represent what system

the cardiopulmonary system

53
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the path of airway starts with the

mouth and nose

54
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the 2 part of the airway is

pharynx/nasopharynx

55
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the 3 part of the airway is

hypopharnyx

56
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what is the hypopharynx

the back of the throat

57
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what is the 4 part of the airway

the larynx

58
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what is the 5 part of the airway

trachea

59
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what is the 6 part of the airway

mainstem bronchi

60
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what is the 7 part of the airway

lungs

61
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what is the 8 part of the airway

alveoli (where the gas exchange actually takes place within the lungs)

62
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what part of the airway is the most common to be obstructed

the upper part of the airway

63
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what four things can cause the larynx to swell

infections, choking, a child with croup, burns to the outer soft tissue

64
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this is a common infection caused by viral infections most often seen in pediatric patients, it can be recognized by signs of a hoarse,brasky/barking cough

croup

65
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croup can cause the _________ to swell in pediatric pts

larynx/trachea

66
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remember __________ may read as normal when dealing with patients with shock

blood pressure

67
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longer ______________ is a clear indicator of vasoconstriction and compensation (in pediatric pts)

cap refill

68
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the scientific term for ‘leaky capillaries is’

excessive permeability

69
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what three things can cause leaky capillaries

-sepsis-altitude-certain diseases

70
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leaky capillaries can lead to _________ loss from the bloodstream

vL

71
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in the lungs increased permeability can allow what?

allow plasma in the blood to cross the membrane and occupy the space in tissues in and around the aleveoli

72
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what happens if plasma occupies the space in lung tissue

it can mess with a pts airflow

73
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what does SVR stand for?

systemic vascular resistance

74
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what is SVR

the pressure inside the blood vessels that the heart has to pump against t

75
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blood vessels rely on __________ to know when to dilate

messengers(chemoreceptors)

76
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without messengers(chemoreceptors) and sympathetic response it can cause _____________ ____________pressure to drop and cause profound shock

circulatory system

77
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what is SV

stroke volume

78
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what is the normal amount for SV

70 mL

79
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how much blood the heart has in it before it contracts is known as ?

preload

80
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how hard the heart has to pump to move blood in the body is known as?

contractility

81
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this is the amount of pressure that the heart has to pump against to get blood in the body’s system

afterload

82
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after load is a function of ________

SVR

83
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there are two types of heart dysfunction they are?

mechanical and electrical

84
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what is mechanical dysfunction of the heart

can be any sort of trauma to the chest, you may see this in severe rear end collisions where the drivers chest makes contact with the steering wheel

85
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what is electrical dysfunction of the heart

anything that interferes with the heart’s ability to work as a muscle

86
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what are two examples of electrical dysfunction in the heart

heart attack or heart failure (CHF)

87
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when all functions of the cardiopulmonary system are in place this is known as?

V/Q match

88
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what does the V in V/Q match stand for

ventilation

89
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what does the Q in V/Q match stand for

profusion

90
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what is V/Q match

it is when the aleveoli have sufficient amounts of air and the pulmonary capillaries have a sufficient amount of blood (when the body is profusing how it should)

91
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V/Q match is often expressed as a ___________ rather than a match because of how easy it is to be changed/influenced

ratio

92
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what is hypovolemic shock

it is a type of shock caused by when the body has sustained a severe amount of fluid or blood loss

93
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what are some reasons someone may become hypovolemic

food poising, some misscariage, hemorrhaging

94
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what is disrtributive shock

when blood vessel tone is lost

95
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what can cause distributive shock

anaphylaxis, sepsis

96
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what can be a result of distributive shock

low pressure

97
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what is cardiogenic shock

heart can’t pump blood the way it needs to

98
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what are some things that can cause cardiogenic shock

trauma to the chest and an MCI (myocardial infarction)

99
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what is a MCI

a myocardial infraction is a heart attack

100
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what is obstructive shock

when their is something within the body that is preventing it from pumping blood in the way it should