Problem Set 7: Alcohols, Ethers, Intro to Carbonyl Chemistry

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and terminology related to alcohols, ethers, and carbonyl chemistry, based on the lecture notes provided.

Hydroxyl

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH), characteristic of alcohols.

Carbonyl

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O), found in aldehydes and ketones.

SN2 Reaction

A second order nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate depends on the concentration of both the substrate and the nucleophile.

SN1 Reaction

A first order nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate depends only on the concentration of the substrate.

Williamson ether synthesis

A reaction mechanism where an alcohol is alkylated to produce ethers.

Zaitsev’s Rule

A principle that states that in elimination reactions, the more substituted alkene is favored.

E2 Reaction

A second order elimination reaction where the reaction rate depends on the concentration of both substrate and base.

E1 Reaction

A first order elimination reaction where the rate depends only on the concentration of the substrate.

Jones Oxidation

An oxidation process using chromic acid to convert alcohols to carboxylic acids.

Pyridinium Chlorochromate

A reagent used in the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.

Lithium aluminum hydride

A reducing agent used to convert carboxylic acids and esters to alcohols.

Sodium borohydride

A reducing agent that can reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols.

Grignard Reagent

A highly reactive organomagnesium compound used in nucleophilic additions to carbonyl compounds.

Acetal Formation

A reaction where an alcohol reacts with a carbonyl compound to form an acetal.

Cyanohydrin

A compound formed when hydrogen cyanide adds to a carbonyl group.

Schiff Base

An imine compound formed from the reaction of an amine with a carbonyl compound.