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evaporation
hydrological cycle starts with this, due to the heat of the sun
water is converted from liquid to gas (water vapour)
evaporation takes place at water surfaces like the sea and rivers, lakes and ponds on land.
transpiration
plants take up liquid water from the soil and ‘breathe’ out into the atmosphere as water vapour
evapotranspiration
the loss of moisture from the ground by evaporation from the water bodies and the soil PLUS transpiration from plants
condensation
water vapour cools to become liquid in the form of minute water droplets: these can be seen in the atmosphere as clouds
precipitation
the transfer of water (rain, hail, sleet, snow) from the atmosphere to land/sea surfaces
overland flow
most precipitation that hits the ground moves due to gravity and eventually reaches a stream, river or lake.
this is know as ‘run-off’ or ‘surface run-off’
infiltration
the transfer of water downwards (gravity) through the soil and rock into the aquifer or groundwater store
infiltration is defined as the downward entry of water into the soil or rock surface
percolation
the transfer of water downwards (gravity) through the soil and rock into the aquifer or groundwater store
the flow of water through soil and porous or fractured rock.
throughflow
takes place between the ground surface and the top of the groundwater store
water moves slowly due to gravity until it reaches a stream or river
groundwater flow
this happens in the rocks of the aquifer and is the underground transfer of waters to rivers, lakes and seas.
the hydrological cycle
global movement of water between air, land and sea or circulation of water around the earth
the hydrological cycle 2
a closed system of linked processes so there are no external inputs or outputs
global cycle
