Round 3 - Set 16 (Energy, Bio, Earth and Space)

Toss up: Biology – Short Answer In population genetics, what term is used to quantify the ability of an individual to propagate its genes to future generations?

FITNESS

Bonus: Biology – Multiple Choice In humans, which of the following blood types would be expected to occur with the highest frequency among the offspring of parents who are both type AB?

W) A

X) B

Y) O

Z) AB

Z) AB

Toss up: Earth and Space – Short answer Columnar jointing commonly forms as an igneous rock cools and contracts, creating polygon shapes between joints. The most common polygon in columnar joints has how many sides?

SIX

Bonus: Earth and Space – Short Answer Identify all of the following three moraine types that form perpendicular to the direction of glacial flow:

1) Lateral moraine [mah-RAYN];

2) End moraine;

3) Medial moraine.

2

Toss up: Energy – Multiple Choice Ames Lab researchers are studying quantum phase transitions in materials where the magnetic moments of each molecule point in the opposite direction as each of their neighbors’. Which of the following terms describes this type of magnetism?

W) Para-magnetism

X) Dia-magnetism

Y) Anti-ferro-magnetism

Z) Ferro-magnetism

Y) ANTI-FERRO-MAGNETISM

Bonus: Energy – Short Answer Oak Ridge National Lab researchers are constructing circuit elements by assembling artificial lipid bilayers in hexadecane. How many hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of hexadecane [hexa-DEH-cane]?

34

Toss up: Biology – Short Answer What type of reproductive isolation is demonstrated by the mule, which is a cross between a horse and a donkey?

HYBRID STERILITY

Bonus: Biology – Multiple Choice Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding water balance in the mammalian body?

W) Dehydration increases the osmolality of blood

X) Vasopressin is produced by the adrenal gland

Y) Renin inhibits the conversion of angiotensinogen [an-jee-oh-tenSIN-oh-jen] to angiotensin [an-jee-oh-TEN-sin] two

Z) Aldosterone [al-DOSS-ter-own] inhibits sodium absorption in the distal tubules

W) DEHYDRATION INCREASES THE OSMOLALITY OF BLOOD

Toss up: Earth and Space – Short Answer What is the term for a solar eclipse during which, despite perfect alignment, the angular size of the Moon is not large enough to fully cover the Sun?

ANNULAR

Bonus: Earth and Space – Short Answer Identify all of the following three gas giants that are hypothesized to have a layer of liquid metallic hydrogen:

1) Saturn;

2) Uranus:

3) Neptune.

1

Toss up: Energy – Short Answer Oak Ridge National Lab scientists are studying how to bioengineer bacteria with complex immune systems. These systems destroy foreign DNA based on a modification that is also used in genomic imprinting and Barr body formation in mammals. What is this type of DNA modification called?

METHYLATION

Bonus: Energy – Short Answer Researchers at SLAC National Lab are studying how gluons scatter off one another. What is the term for a particle composed entirely of gluons?

GLUEBALL

Toss up: Biology – Multiple Choice Limited food, decreased water, and loss of available nesting sites are likely to have which of the following impacts on a population?

W) Decreased carrying capacity

X) Increased population growth

Y) Decreased selection pressure

Z) Decreased per capita death rates

W) DECREASED CARRYING CAPACITY

Bonus: Biology – Short Answer Identify all of the following three numbers of petals a flower could have that would suggest that it is a monocot:

1) 6;

2) 8;

3) 12.

1, 3

Toss up: Earth and Space – Multiple Choice Which of the following properties of a telescope determines its resolving power?

W) Objective focal length

X) Eyepiece focal length

Y) Lens index of refraction

Z) Aperture [AP-ur-chur]

Z) APERTURE

Bonus: Earth and Space – Short Answer Mineral spherules [SFEER-ools], sometimes called blueberries, present on the Martian surface are thought to be evidence of earlier surface water. Of what mineral are these spherules composed?

HEMATITE

Toss up: Energy – Short Answer Researchers at Brookhaven National Lab are studying therapeutic recombinant protein production in plants. A major use of this technology is to create what class of proteins, which are commonly composed of a pair of heavy chains and a pair of light chains?

ANTIBODY

Bonus: Energy – Short Answer Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are developing NWChem, a software used in computational chemistry. One assumption typically made in computational chemistry is that the motion of nuclei is negligible compared to the motion of electrons. What is the name of this approximation?

BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION