THEORY QUESTIONS CV EXAM

12-Minute Run: Advantages

Minimal equipment required, Can test many people at once, Can estimate VO₂max.

12-Minute Run: Disadvantages

Requires maximal effort for 12 min, Motivation/pacing can affect results, Difficult to monitor individual HR/BP in a group, May be unsuitable for sedentary individuals.

12-Minute Run: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: Light dynamic warm-up; Cooldown: Walk to nearest marker → walk on spot while final distance is measured → walk for 5 min.

6MWT: Advantages

Self-paced, Familiar activity (walking), Reflects ADLs, Suitable for cardiac/respiratory patients.

6MWT: Disadvantages

Learning effect → at least 2 attempts, Results affected by many factors → needs standardisation, Generally does not calculate VO₂max.

6MWT: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: None generally used; Cooldown: Slow walking for 1 min.

ISWT: Advantages

Externally paced, Progressive intensity, Suitable for cardiorespiratory-compromised patients, Can estimate VO₂max in chronic respiratory disease.

ISWT: Disadvantages

Requires recording + space, Lots of turning → requires reasonable balance, More demanding than self-paced 6MWT.

ISWT: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: No separate warm-up specified; Cooldown: No exact timed cooldown specified → take post-test measures + monitor recovery.

Beep Test: Advantages

Minimal equipment, Can test large groups, Externally paced, Suitable for very fit people.

Beep Test: Disadvantages

Test to exhaustion → not suitable for CV-compromised patients, Requires recording + space, Motivation affects performance.

Beep Test: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: Light dynamic warm-up; Cooldown: Slow walking/jogging for ≥3 min.

YMCA: Advantages

Estimates VO₂max, Easy to take physiological measures, Submaximal test.

YMCA: Disadvantages

Equipment/cost required, Requires calibration, One person at a time, Cycling may not reflect ADLs.

YMCA: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: No separate warm-up → begin at 0.5 kp, 50 rpm; Cooldown: Low-resistance cycling + monitor recovery.

Arm Ergometer: Advantages

Useful when lower limbs can't be used, Assesses cardiovascular response to upper-limb exercise.

Arm Ergometer: Disadvantages

Special equipment required, Lower VO₂ values than lower-limb testing, Upper-limb exercise produces greater HR/BP response.

Arm Ergometer: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: 0 W for 3 min at 50–60 rpm; Cooldown: Low/zero resistance + monitor recovery.

IUULExT: Advantages

Tests unsupported upper-limb exercise tolerance, Reproduces dyspnoea, More functional than arm ergometry, Highly repeatable.

IUULExT: Disadvantages

Equipment required, Lower VO₂peak than supported UL testing.

IUULExT: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: No separate warm-up specified; Cooldown: No exact timed cooldown specified → post-test measures + monitor recovery.

Queen's Step Test: Advantages

Quick, Minimal/portable equipment, Can test groups.

Queen's Step Test: Disadvantages

Requires moderate-high dynamic balance, Difficult to take physiological measures while stepping.

Queen's Step Test: Warm-up + Cooldown

Warm-up: Brief practice/demonstration; Cooldown: Take recovery HR immediately first, then allow recovery + monitor.