Halacha Terms Y11 25-26 Test 1

What does the word שבות mean?

an act forbidden on Shabbat by the חכמים.

What is the אִסור of דַּבֵּר דָּבָר?

Speaking about things that are forbidden to do on Shabbat.

Define the words בכדי שתעשה.

The time it takes to do the מְלָאכָה.

Is a Jew allowed to drink coffee on Shabbat that a גוי made for him if the גוי made it without being asked? Why?

No. One is not allowed to benefit from a גוי’s melakha when they were done for a Jew.

Explain the term שבות דשבות.

Doing an אסור דְּרַבָּנָן such as אַמִירָה לְעַכּוּ"ם which will result in a מְלָאכָה דְּרַבָּנָן

When is it permissible for a גוי to do מלאכה for a Jew on Shabbat?

שבות דשבות במקום חולי שבות דשבות במקום מצוה שבות דשבות במקום צורך הרבה

Explain the term: בְּרוֹב עָם הַדרַת מֶלֶך.

God’s honor is greater with the larger crowd fulfilling His commandment.

Where is it preferable to read the מגילה?

In a large congregation.

Define: אף הן היו באותו הנס.

They were also part of the miracle.

Why are women obligated in קריאת המגילה if it is a מצות עשה שהזמן גרמא?

Because they were also in danger of being killed

Explain the term כל ישראל עַרֵבִין זֶה לזֶה:

All Jews are responsible for one another.

Why can one Jew say a ברכה for another Jew even if the one who is saying the ברכה fulfilled his obligation?

Because of the concept of כל ישראל ערבין זה לזה.

Define היסבה

Reclining

Define אכילה גסה.

Eating after someone is full to a point where the eating is no longer enjoyable rather uncomfortable. What does one need to make sure to do during שולחן עורך? Not to reach a point where the eating of the אפיקומן will be an אכילה גסה.

What does צפון mean?

Hidden

Explain the following Mishnah: אין מפטירין אחר הפסח אפיקומן.

One is not allowed to eat (desserts) after one ate the כזית of the קרבן פסח.

Define מלא לוגמיו.a(סעיף ט)

A cheekful of liquid (usually refers to wine).

In general how much wine does one need to drink from a כוס של ברכה?

מלא לוגמיו

What is the halakhik status of בין השמשות?

A doubt whether it is day or night.

When is one not allowed to eat a meal (אכילת קבע) because of one’s obligation to light חנוכה candles?

A ½ an hour before the obligation to light candles

What is one allowed to eat before lighting חנוכה candles?

אכילת עראי

How many ברכות does one say on the first night of חנוכה? List them.

Three: להדליק נר חנוכה, שעשה נסים, ושהחיינו

How many ברכות does one say on nights 2-8 of חנוכה? List them.

Two: להדליק נר חנוכה, שעשה נסים

According to the ילקוט יוסף: When should one start lighting the candles?

After one recited all the ברכות.

Is one allowed to motion such as to answer the phone between the ברכה and the lightning?

No, this will be a הפסק.

Is one allowed to make a gesture that relates to the candle lighting?

Yes, since this is for the sake of the מצוה it does not constitute a הפסק.

Define the word קריעה.

Rending (ripping) one’s garments.

When does one not need to do קריעה when seeing a destroyed Jewish site?

When one sees a city that was destroyed in the Holocaust

Today does one need to do קריעה when seeing the destroyed cities of יהודה and ירושלים? Explain.

No, since it is under Jewish control.

Today, does one need to do קריעה when seeing the ruins of the מקדש?

Yes.

When should one set the table for Shabbat?

On ערב שַׁבָּת

What else should one do לכבוד שַׁבָּת?

Clean/prepare one’s house, have a candle burning, prepare the table and set one’s bed

What is a שעה זמנית?

A relative hour. Take all the sunlight minutes of the day and divide them by 12.

What is פלג המנחה?

1 ¼ hours (שעה זמנית) before sunset.

When is the earliest time to light candles if one is accepting Shabbat at that time?

פלג המנחה

Explain the term מִשׁתַּתֵּף בִּפרוּטָה.

One should relate himself to the מצוה by buying a share of the specific object.

What should a guest do for Shabbat candles?

If he can he should light in a private room If he can’t light in a private room he should be משתתף בפרוטה.

When do ספרדים start waking up before dawn to recite סליחות?

From ב’ אלול until יום הכפורים.

When do אשכנזים start waking up before dawn to recite סליחות when ראש השנה falls out on Thursday or Shabbat?(סימן תקפ"א סעיף א)

The Sunday before ראש השנה.

What does one need to say before learning תורה?

ברכות התורה

When do אשכנזים start to blow the שופר?

From ראש חודש אלול

How many people does one need in order to say something that is considered דבר שבקדושה?

10

Are the י"ג מדות considered a דבר שבקדושה?

Yes

Is a יחיד allowed to recite the י"ג מדות?

Only if one will say them with their proper טעמים.

Explain the term התרת נדרים.

Absolving an oath

When do we do התרת נדרדים?

On ערב ראש השנה. However, the Syrian custom is to do התרת נדרים three times: 40 days before ראש השנה, prior to ראש השנה and prior to יום הכפורים.

What allows one to cook/prepare for Shabbat on a Friday which is a יום טוב?

עירוב תבשילין

What is a basic description of ערוב תבשילין?

Prepare food on ערב יום טוב for Shabbat, which then allows you to continue to cook for Shabbat on יום טוב.

What is the literal translation of the word ערוב?

Mixture

What is customary to use for ערוב תבשילין?

Bread and a cooked food.

How much bread does one need to put aside for ערוב תבשילין?

a כזית of cooked food and a כביצה of bread.

When is the best time to cook from יום טוב to Shabbat? (סעיף ו)

As early as possible on Friday with enough time that the food will be ready to be eaten before shabbat.

How does one make the עירוב תבשילין once he has the cooked and baked food?

S/he says the ברכה of על מצות עירוב. Then one says בדין עירובא וכו’.

Is it imperative for one to understand the meaning of בדין עירובא? What should one do if they don’t understand it?

Yes, if one does not understand it they should say it in a language that they understand.

Besides cooking from יום טוב to Shabbat what else does the ערוב תבשילין permit one to do? (סעיף ל)

Make one’s bed, wash dishes and roll the Torah for the proper Torah reading.

When lighting יום טוב candles, should one say the ברכה before or after she lights the candles?

Before

What is the הלכה if one forgot to say המלך הקדוש during עשרת ימי תשובה and realized his mistake תוך כדי דיבור?

S/he can correct their mistake and continue the עמידה.

Is hearing the שופר on the first day of ראש השנה a מצוה דאורייתא or דרבנן?

דאורייתא

Explain the term שומע כעונה.

When listening to someone say a ברכה and having in mind to fulfill their obligation it is as if s/he said those words himself.

Are woman obligated in מצות שופר?

No, because it is a מצות עשה שהזמן גרמא

Explain the term: גדול המצווה ועושה יותר ממי שאינו מצווה ועושה.

One who is obligated in a מצוה receives a greater reward for fulfilling it than someone who performs it but is not obligated to do so.

Based on the above, is it a good idea for women to hear שופר?

Yes, but not at the expense of bringing her little children to shul that may cause a disturbance.

Is one allowed to prepare from the first day of ראש השנה to the second? (סעיף א)

No

Explain the term נֵר שֶׁשָבַת.

A candle that was kindled before יום הכפורים and is still burning after יום הכפורים is over.

What candle does one need to use for הבדלה on מוצאי יום הכפורים?

a נֵר שֶׁשָבַת or a candle that was kindled from a נר ששבת.

What is the first מלאכה of the ל"ט מלאכות?

סידורא דפת

Explain and give an example for the term דָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתכַּוֵן.

Doing an action on Shabbat that may or may not result in a מלאכה. Example: dragging a chair across the lawn.

Is one allowed to walk on grass on Shabbat?

Yes, since there is no guarantee that the grass will uproot.

Explain the מלאכה of קוצר.

Removing produce from where it grew.

Is one allowed to lean on a tree on Shabbat? (משנה ברורה)

No

Give an example of מעמר.

Raking leaves to form a compost pile and collecting fruits into one’s pockets

Explain the term אוֹכֵל מִתּוֹך פְּסוֹלֶת.

Good from the bad.

How is one allowed to sort on שבת?

Good from bad, by hand and for now.

Explain and give an example of אין טוחן אחר טוחן.

Crumbling bread into small crumbs.