2.1 - Organotrophy (ATP synthesis)

How nrg is transferred in redox rxns

Through the transfer of electrons

reducing agent

Causes another molecule to get reduced (gain an electron)

Oxidizing agent

Causes another molecule to get oxidized (loose electrons)

Aerobic respiration is a

Combustion rxn

The bonds in reactants of aerobic respiration are

Non polar covalent (high potential nrg)

Bonds in products of aerobic respiration

Are polar covalent

Reduced

Gain electrons

Oxidized

Loose electrons

Why is glucose an important nrg source*** ASK

It's not polar covalent bonds allow it to be a high potential nrg source

Why is glucose not oxidized in one reaction, but a series of rxns?

Because glucose oxidation is an endergonic process overall and can only be made possible through a series of connected rxns

Role of glycolysis

Partial oxidation of glucose

conserved pathways/mechanisms for transforming/using nrg with cell/organism

types of chemical nrg used to do work in cells

Role of electron carrier molecules

To store reduction potential (eh. NADPH and FADH)

Glycolysis

Starting molecules of glycolysis

Electron transport chanin

Chemiosmosis

How does pyurvate oxidation allow aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen

Fermentation

Substrate level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

How does pyruvate enter the mitochondria?

F0 of ATP synthase

F1 of ATP synthase

Why must an electrochemical gradient be established for ATP to be synthesized

The final electron acceptor

purpose of Ubiquinone in the ETC

Ubiquinone

Describe lactate fermentation

Describe alcohol fermentation

Complex 1 purpose

Complex 2 purpose

Complex 3 purpose

Complex 4 purpose

What is the purpose of fermentation

For every 1 glucose molecule…

2 pyruvate is produced

Describe the Krebs cycle

Why is NAD+ and FAD+ reduced in the steps prior to THE ETC

to generate reduction potential

Proton motive force

How does the electron travel in the electron chain of ATP synthesis

How is ATP mad win glycolysis

Cytochrome C

Main accomplishment of glycolysis

Most energy of glucose is at the end of glycolysis

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells

How is glycolysis different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Starting molecules of Krebs cycle

How is glycolysis similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What molecules are produced by the Krebs cycle

How is ATP made in the Krebs cycle

What is the main accomplishment of the citric acid cycle

Where is most of the nrg of glucose at the end of this cycle

Where Krebs occurs in prokaryotes

Where Krebs occurs in eukaryotes

How Krebs is similar in euks and pros

How citric acid cycle is similar in euks and pros

Starting molecules for electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Molecules produced at the end of chemiosmosis and etc

How is ATP made in etc and chemosmosis

What is the main accomplishment of the etc and chemiosmosis

Where most of the nrg from glucose is at the end of etc and chemiosmosis

Where does etc and chemosmosis occur in proks

Where does etc and chemosmosis occur in euks

How is etc and chemiosmosis similar in euks and pros

How is etc and chemiosmosis different in pros and euks

How does pyruvate oxidation allow aerobic respiration to proceed in the presence of oxygen

Why do electrons flow along series of membrane bound complexes that make up the etc

Why is oxygen required for aerobic respiration

If the electron flow of etc was somehow interrupted, how would this impact the overall process of resporation

The benefit obtained by orgs that can use aerobic respiration in terms of overall ATP per glucose

Benefit of orgs that can use lactate fermentation

Where does fermentation occur

Lactate fermentation, for euks and pros?

Alcohol fermentation, euks and pros?