3A: EO and IO Exams

The ___ examination begins when the patient enters the dental operatory and involves observing their general appearance.

general

The general examination begins when the patient enters the dental operatory and involves observing their ___.

general appearance

The presence of petechiae, ecchymosis, or hematoma may indicate ___ or ___ use.

bleeding disorders, blood thinner

Yellowish skin discoloration may suggest ___.

jaundice or liver disease

Clubbing of the fingers may indicate ___.

heart or respiratory problems

Asymmetries in the head and neck should be assessed by standing ___.

directly in front of the patient

A detailed record of asymmetries should include ___.

size location and cause

Normal lymph nodes are ___ (palpable?, mobility, tenderness?).

unpalpable or small pea or lentil-sized mobile and non-tender

Abnormal lymph nodes are typically ___ (size, mobility, tenderness).

larger fixed and may be tender

When documenting lymph node abnormalities, the following six aspects should be noted: ___.

number size consistency tenderness mobility and location

Tender lymph nodes often indicate ___.

inflammation or drainage of infection

Cancer metastasis to a lymph node is often ___ (mobility, tenderness, firmness).

fixed non-tender and firm

The dental chair should be positioned so that the patient's head and neck are at ___ level for lymph node examination.

elbow

During lymph node examination, the patient's neck should be ___.

relaxed and slightly flexed forward

Lymph nodes should be palpated using the pads of the fingertips with an ___ motion.

off-and-on

The lymph node examination should include ___ lymph nodes.

preauricular postauricular suboccipital submandibular submental cervical and supraclavicular

Instead of an off-and-on motion, ___ can be used as an alternative for lymph node palpation.

constant pressure

TMJ examination should assess for ___ at rest.

tenderness swelling or redness

The lymph node examination should include ___, ___, suboccipital, submandibular, submental, cervical, and supraclavicular lymph nodes.

preauricular, postauricular

The lymph node examination should include preauricular, postauricular, ___, ___, ___, cervical, and supraclavicular lymph nodes.

suboccipital, submandibular, submental

The lymph node examination should include preauricular, postauricular, suboccipital, submandibular, submental, ___, and ___ lymph nodes.

cervical, supraclavicular

If an intraoral abnormality is found, the following details should be recorded: ___.

type of abnormality size color location surface texture and consistency

The size of an intraoral abnormality should be measured using a ___.

periodontal probe

Actinic cheilitis is caused by ___ to the lip and may present as ___ of the vermillion border.

sun damage, blurring

Redness and small fissures at the lip commissures may indicate ___.

angular cheilitis

The labial mucosa should be examined by ___ (action) the lip with the mouth 3/4 closed.

everting

Common abnormalities of the labial mucosa include ___.

polyps scars or ulcers

Normal buccal mucosa should appear ___.

smooth moist and shiny

If the mirror sticks to the mucosa, ___ may be present.

xerostomia

Soft swellings in the buccal and vestibular mucosa are more likely to be ___, while firm masses may indicate a ___.

infections or cysts, tumor

A red, velvety appearance of the palatal mucosa beneath a denture may indicate ___.

denture stomatitis

A bony swelling in the midline of the hard palate covered with normal mucosa is likely a ___.

palatine torus

A soft tissue swelling on one side of the hard palate may indicate an ___.

abscess or tumor

To visualize the oropharynx and fauces, have the patient ___ with their tongue in a resting position.

open widely and say ahhh

If the oropharynx is not visible, place a mirror on the tongue and gently press it ___ while the patient says "ahh".

inferiorly and anteriorly

The two folds of tissue on the sides of the throat are called the ___.

tonsillar pillars fauces

The ___ are located between the tonsillar pillars unless they have been removed.

palatine tonsils

Slightly raised pale yellow areas on the posterior pharynx wall and uvula represent ___.

lymphoid tissue

Only the ___ (fraction) of the tongue is in the oral cavity and can be seen during examination.

anterior 2/3rds

The dorsum of the tongue should be examined by having the patient protrude their tongue while grasping the tip with ___.

2x2 gauze

___ are accessory lymphoid tissue found on the lateral border of the tongue and appear slightly yellow.

lingual tonsils

Malignant disease develops more frequently on the ___ than on the dorsum or palate.

lateral borders of the tongue and floor of the mouth

The openings of the submandibular ducts, known as ___, are located on either side of the ___ in the anterior floor of the mouth.

whartons ducts, lingual frenum

The ___ and ___ glands should be palpated during the floor of the mouth examination.

submandibular, sublingual

The normal sublingual gland typically feels ___.

ropey or lobulated

A salivary stone in the floor of the mouth would feel ___.

hard

A salivary gland tumor in the floor of the mouth usually feels like a ___.

firm oval or round mass

Examination of the floor of the mouth should not be painful but may feel ___ to the patient.

odd

Healthy gingiva is ___ and should be noted as WNL (within normal limits).

pink and stippled

A gingival graft usually appears as a ___ area of attached gingiva.

pale demarcated

Tenderness in the gingiva or alveolar mucosa may indicate ___.

infection or inflammation

___ is the duct of the parotid gland.

stensens duct

Stensen's duct opens into the mouth on the posterior buccal mucosa, opposite the ___ (teeth?).

maxillary molars

The opening of Stensen's duct may appear ___.

flat or slightly raised

___ form a V-shaped row of rounded papillae at the junction of the anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rd of the tongue.

circumvallate papillae

___ are found on the posterior-lateral aspect of the oral tongue.

lingual tonsils

___ are folds of mucosa on the ventral surface of the tongue on either side of the lingual frenum.

plica fimbriata

___ presents as multiple grooves on the dorsum and occasionally the lateral tongue.

fissured tongue

___ are ectopic sebaceous glands commonly seen on the buccal mucosa or lateral vermillion of the upper lip.

fordyce granules

___, also known as Caviar Tongue, are enlarged veins commonly seen on the ventral tongue.

varicosities

___ is a common benign condition, presenting as multiple pink or red circular/semicircular well-demarcated areas on the dorsum or lateral tongue, often surrounded by a slightly raised yellowish-white rim.

geographic tongue

___ is a white hyperkeratotic line along the buccal mucosa at the occlusal plane.

linea alba

___ appear as red or purple areas on the oral mucosa.

benign vascular lesions

___ appears as a ragged, slightly translucent area on the buccal mucosa.

morsicatio buccarum cheek-biting