HS 201 Exam 2

Quercus subir

Cork tree

Salix and Populus are examples of

phytotherapy species

Cork, Spices, phytotherapy, and ornamentals

Uses of bark

average % bark makes up of tree material

10%

Pistil

Female reproductive organ

Stamen

Male reproductive organ

Stigma, style, ovary

Parts of pistil

Anther, Filament

Parts of stamen

Petal, sepals, pistil, stamen

Parts of a flower

Perfect Flower

Flower with pistil and stamen

Pistillate Flower

Flower with pistils but no stamen

Staminate flower

Flowers with stamens but no Pistil

Bract

Leaflike, pigmented structure at the base of flower (dogwood + poinsettia)

Pericarp

Ovary wall of fruit

Exocarp

Outermost layer of pericarp

Mesocarp

Middle layer of pericarp

Endocarp

Inner layer of pericarp

Simple fruit

Single flower with one pistil and simple or compound ovary

Berry

Fleshy with edible pericarp

Pepo

Thick exocarp and watery endocarp

Hesperidium

Pulpy mesocarp

Drupe

Stoney endocarp (pit)

Pome

Exocarp skin, mesocarp fleshy, and endocarp thick case around seeds

Multiple fruit

Fruit formed by several flowers being fused before ripening

Aggregate fruit

fruit formed by several ovaries with one flower

Dehiscent

Pericarp splits across seam to release seeds

Indehiscent

Pericarp does not open when ripe

Viability

Ability to germinate and grow

Longevity

How long a seed remains viable

Species, time, storage conditions

Factors influencing longevity

Scarification

Breaking seed coat so water can enter and stimulate germination

Stratification

Process to break physiological dormancy

Double Dormancy

Seed is both physically and physiologically dormant

Butt flair

Swollen lower section of a tree trunk (seen in bald cypress)

Pinus longaeva (bristlecone pine)

Oldest tree

Coastal (California) Redwood - Sequoia sempervirens

Tallest tree on earth

Plant growth

Increase in size/mass

Plant development

Qualitative growth, differentiation of cells and tissues

Meristem

zone of actively dividing cells; growth point

Primary Meristem

Shoot tips and root tips

Secondary meristem

Responsible for growth in girth

Apical meristem

Responsible for growth in length

Vascular bundle

xlyem+phloem

Vascular cambium

Produces secondary xylem+phloem

Cork cambium

produces periderm (outer bark)

Heartwood

Dead, non functioning wood in center of tree

Sapwood

Living, functioning wood

Inosculation

xylem and phloem grow together; natural grafting of two branches

Prickle

Outgrowth of epidermis (not thorn)

Nodes, Internodes, Buds

Stem parts

Nerium oleander

Whorled leaf plant on the beach of NC

Stolon

Prostrate stem that runs above ground

Rhizome

Prostrate stem that runs below ground

Stipule

leaflike appendage at base of leaf

Cladophylls

Modified stems that are flattened to mimic, resemble, and function as a leaf

Spines

Modified leaves

Trichomes

Hairs on plants; pubescence

Palisade layer

Under epidermis

Anchorage, absorption, accommodation (storage)

Root functions