Blood Pressure Lab

BP is a gradient from the Left ventricle out to the

Arteries → arterioles → capillaries

Elastic arteries

little change in pressure, act as pressure reservoirs

Muscular arteries

known as distributing vessels

arterioles

<1 mm, resistance vessels, can vasodilate and vasoconstrict

Capillary beds

tissues take up oxygen and release CO2, extra fluid is picked up by lymphatic system

Hypertension

left ventricle becomes thickened due to the increased work, muscle becomes stiff, ventricles have a hard time relaxing during diastole

laminar flow

fluid moves smoothly, uniform velocity

flow through unobstructed artery, quiet and uniform

laminar flow

turbulent flow

swirling, disorganized, varying velocity

flow through and obstructed artery, noisy, not uniform

Turbulent flow

the sound produced every heart beat during turbulent flow is called

korotkoff sounds

systolic measures

ventricular contraction

diastolic measures

ventricular relaxation

DP + 1/3(PP) =

MABP

SP - DP =

PP

CO x TRP =

MABP

HR x SV =

CO

MABP/TPR =

CO

TPR means

total peripheral resistance

step one of measuring BP

inflate cuff until artery is pinched shut

step two of measuring BP

pressure slowly released until artery barley opens, turbulent flow gives korotoff sounds

step three of measuring BP

pressure released until artery is totally open

arm over head when standing makes BP

decrease

BP in the foot when standing is

increase because blood pools due to gravity, making an increase presure on arteriole walls

relative pressure in heart when laying down is

the same in the arm and leg because they are both relatively the same level as heart so the pressure will be relatively the same too

what happens to systolic pressure during exercise

increases slightly

what happens to diastolic blood pressure during exercise

decreases

what happens to arterioles during exercise

they dilate and also decrease TPR

BP decrease

above the heart

same level as heart then

BP stays the same

When raising arm above shoulder height it

decrease hydrostatic pressure leading to lower blood pressure

baroreceptor reflex

happens when laying to standing, blood rushes to feet, baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries detect a drop in pressure and react by increasing HR, SV, and TPR

There is an increase in SNS during exercise which makes the DP

drop after exercise due to vessels dilated to allow increased blood flow to the active muscles

standing increase hydrostatic pressure which

increase venous pressure, making it harder to return venous blood to the heart