Bio 1 finals ( section 2 chemistry of life)

what is the basic unit of matter and what do they contain

atoms and they contain subatomic particles

what are the subatomic particles and explain them

1. protons - form the nucleus

2. neutrons - have the same mass and form the same things as protons

3. electrons - move in the space around the nucleus

what is a element

a pure substance that consists of one type of a atom represented by one letter or 2 letter

where are all these element found

90 naturally occurring elements on earth crust

11 are in common living organisms

4 make up 96,3% of the weight of a human

what are the 4 make up 96,3% of the weight of a human

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

difference between inorganic and organic compounds

inorganic does NOT contagion carbon but organic compounds DO contagion carbon

what are isotopes and how are they identified

atoms of the same element that different in the number of neutrons. They are indefinite by there mass number example- carbon - 12

what is mass number

sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom

what is a atomic number

number of protons

what is an radioactive isotopes and how can they be used

nuclei are rate unstable and break down at a consent rate over time.

they are used for determining the age of of rock and fossils, to treat cancer, and to kill bacteria that causes food to soil

what is a compound and how are they shown

a chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions

They are shown thought chemical formal ex: h20

what do chemical bounds do and how are they formed

hold atoms and compounds tighter and they form electrons called valence electrons

2 types of two chemical bounds and how are they formed

1. ionic bounds are formed when 1 or more electrons are transformed

2. covalent bounds sharing of electrons

what is the smallest unit of a compound

molecule

What is va der Waals forces

a slight attraction between the oppositely charged regions by nearby molecules

what is the most abundant compound in most living things

water

what is a mixture

a thing composed of two of more elements or compounds that a physically mixed but not chemically combined

what two types of mixtures can be made with water

solution and suspension

what is solution

a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another

what is solute

the substance that is dissolved

what is a solvent

the substance in which the solute in which the solute dissolves

what is the universal solvent

water

what is suspension

a mixture contains small no-dissolved particles which usually settle out over time

what is the oh scale and explain what the numbers mean

Ph scale: indicts the acid of a solution. It ranges 0 - 14

• ph below 7 is acid

• ph above 7 is basic

• ph of 7 is neutral

explain how the ranges on the ph scale are

• 0 - 3 acid is very strong (acid in your stomach)

• strong bases are in the 11 - 14 range

• humans are usually around 6.5 - 7.5

what is a buffer

they are weak acids or bases that react with strong acids and bases to prevent sharp and sudden changes in ph

what is polymerization

large compounds (polymers) are constructed by joining smaller compounds (monomers )

what are large polymers called

macromolecules

what are the 4 groups of ornganic compounds found in living things

1. carbohydrates

2. lipids

3. nucleic acid

4. proteins

what is carbohydrates made out of and what do plant and animals use it for

it is made out with a 1:2:1 ratio with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms. It is the main source of energy for humans. Plants use them for structural purposes

what are the 3 types of carbohydrates

1. monosaccharides

2. disaccharide

3. polysaccharides

explain what monsacchardies are

They are simplest sugars at of all the carbohydrates. ex glucose, lactose, fructose (plants milk fruits). The formula is c6 h12 o6

what is disaccharide

it is a double sugar formed with the combination of 2 simple sugars ex: sucrose (table sugar)

what is dehydration synthesis

monosacchardies come together and the oh from 1 combines withe h from the other and a molecule of the water is removed this could make a ploy or die

what is polysaccharides

a large molecule formed when many monosaccardies link together ex plant starches

what is hydrolysits

when poly are split apart to again from monosaccardies this also when a water molecule is consumed in this reaction

what are lipids, their roles, and the elements that make them up and what are the example of lipids

lipids AKA fats,oils, and waxes

the roles are to store energy, form biological membranes, used as chemical messengers

The elements that make them up are carbon hydrogen, and oxygen

satured and unsatured and polyunsatured fats these are both an example of fatty acids

what is satured

this happens when every carbon atom in a fatty acid chain is joined to another atom by single bound this is usually this is full hydrogen found in meats and dairy products

what is unstured

this is a pair of carbon atoms are joined by a double bond this doesn´t contain the max number of hydrogen bonds.

what is a plyunsatured

this contains serval double bonds

what are nucleic acids made up of

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphate

what are polymers and what are they made of

they are polymers of individuals monomers known as nucleotide

they are made of a 5- carbon sugar base, a phosphate group, nitrogenous

what do nuclectides acids do