APWH Modern Vobab Units 7, 8, AND 9

Period 4

2 Eurasian Empires that collapsed 1900-1920

Ottoman, Qing

Villa and Zapata ousted Porfirio Diaz from power

Mexican Revolution

Led by Vladimir Lenin; overthrow of Tsar Nikolas II by the Bolsheviks in October 1917

Russian Communist Revolution

Long-term causes of WWI

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

sparked the first declaration of WWI

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

3 methods of total war in WWI

political propaganda, intensified nationalism, rationing

3 technologies that increased WWI casualties

machine gun, poison gas, tanks

Anti-capitalist economy where government controlled corporations and had political influence through them

Fascist Corporatist economy

American reforms under FDR between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

New Deal

outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union's economy

Five Year Plans

The plan to allow Britain and France to control former Ottoman territories, put into place after WWI

League of Nations mandates

Japan's puppet state in NE China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945

Manchuoko

nationalist group formed to work for rights and power for Indians under British rule; anti-imperial resistance 1900-present

Indian National Congress

Region in which Africans struggled in multiple congresses and battles to resist European imperialism 1900-1920

French West Africa

Post-WWI document known for its harsh reparations towards the Germans after World War I; seen as a cause of WWII

Treaty of Versailles

caused by the downfall of the economies of several nations and the international financial crisis involving the US stock market.

Global Great Depression

Political system in pre-WWII Germany and Italy; led by dictator; extreme nationalism and racism and no opposing party

Fascism

Political leaders in Great Britain and US during WWII

Winston Churchill, FDR

Political Leaders of Axis Powers in WWII

Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo

Soviet premier and mobilizer of Soviet state during WWII

Josef Stalin

new and prolific deadly tactics of war during WWII

German blitzkrieg, atomic bomb, firebombing

European genocides in 20th century

Armenians in Ottoman Empire, German Holocaust, Soviet Ukrainian Holodomor

Asian and African genocides in 20th century

Cambodia and Tutsis in Rwanda

Cold War competition between U.S. and Soviet Union to develop the most advanced weapons

nuclear arms race

group of nations that didn't side with either the US or the USSR during the Cold War.

Non-Aligned Movement

one of two leaders of non-aligned movement in the Cold War

Sukarno in Indonesia, Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana

Alliances formed after WWII that established enemies in the Cold War

NATO/Warsaw Pact

2 of 4 Proxy Wars of the Cold War

Korean War, Angolan Civil War, Vietnam War, Sandinista conflict in Nicaragua

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976

Mao Zedong

China's economic and social plan which aimed to use vast population to transform the country into a modern industrial society.

Great Leap Forward

Policy of reforms enacted by Reza Shah, beginning in 1963, to rapidly modernize and Westernize Iran

White Revolution

Communist controlled portion of Vietnam

North Vietnam

Two of three Middle East/African nations in which Communists gained influence

India, Ethiopia, Iran

Nationalist leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first president

Kwame Nkrumah

Nationalist leader of Egypt who played the US and the USSR against each other and nationalized the Suez Canal

Gamel Abdel Nasser

2 of 3 nations that gained independence through armed conflict

Algeria from the French, Angola from the Portuguese, Vietnam from the French

Two of three movements to separate (secede) politically from a major country

Muslim League, Quebecois, Biafra

India was separated into 2 countries: Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus

Partition of India

the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine

Israel-Palestine Conflict

Nation in Southeastern Europe in which ethnic cleansing took place as part of a communist program

Yugoslavia

President of Tanzania who advocated an African form of socialism

Julius Nyerere

Indian Prime Minister who pushed nuclear power program and an increase in industry

Indira Gandhi

Sri Lankan president who pushed socialist policies (also the world's first female head of state)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

US-backed Chilean military leader who created one-party rule dictatorship; MAJOR human rights abuses

Augusto Pinochet

Ugandan military leader/president - responsible for hundreds of thousands of Ugandan Christian deaths

Idi Amin

alliance between military leaders and corporate leaders that leads to arms increases and arms deals

military-industrial complex

2 of 3 examples of peace leaders of 1940-1990

Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela

One of two organizations who used terror and violence against civilians in the modern period

Shining Path, Al-Qaeda

2 of 4 reasons for the end of the Cold War

US military technologies, Soviet Union's failed invasion of Afghanistan, economic weakness in communist countries, Gorbachev's perestroika

Cold War competition between U.S. and Soviet Union to develop the most advanced weapons

nuclear arms race

group of nations that didn't side with either the US or the USSR during the Cold War.

Non-Aligned Movement

one of two leaders of non-aligned movement in the Cold War

Sukarno in Indonesia, Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana

Alliances formed after WWII that established enemies in the Cold War

NATO/Warsaw Pact

2 of 4 Proxy Wars of the Cold War

Korean War, Angolan Civil War, Vietnam War, Sandinista conflict in Nicaragua

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976

Mao Zedong

China's economic and social plan which aimed to use vast population to transform the country into a modern industrial society.

Great Leap Forward

Policy of reforms enacted by Reza Shah, beginning in 1963, to rapidly modernize and Westernize Iran

White Revolution

Communist controlled portion of Vietnam

North Vietnam

Two of three Middle East/African nations in which Communists gained influence

India, Ethiopia, Iran

Nationalist leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first president

Kwame Nkrumah

Nationalist leader of Egypt who played the US and the USSR against each other and nationalized the Suez Canal

Gamel Abdel Nasser

2 of 3 nations that gained independence through armed conflict

Algeria from the French, Angola from the Portuguese, Vietnam from the French

Two of three movements to separate (secede) politically from a major country

Muslim League, Quebecois, Biafra

India was separated into 2 countries: Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus

Partition of India

the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine

Israel-Palestine Conflict

Nation in Southeastern Europe in which ethnic cleansing took place as part of a communist program

Yugoslavia

President of Tanzania who advocated an African form of socialism

Julius Nyerere

Indian Prime Minister who pushed nuclear power program and an increase in industry

Indira Gandhi

Sri Lankan president who pushed socialist policies (also the world's first female head of state)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

US-backed Chilean military leader who created one-party rule dictatorship; MAJOR human rights abuses

Augusto Pinochet

Ugandan military leader/president - responsible for hundreds of thousands of Ugandan Christian deaths

Idi Amin

alliance between military leaders and corporate leaders that leads to arms increases and arms deals

military-industrial complex

2 of 3 examples of peace leaders of 1940-1990

Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela

One of two organizations who used terror and violence against civilians in the modern period

Shining Path, Al-Qaeda

2 of 4 reasons for the end of the Cold War

US military technologies, Soviet Union's failed invasion of Afghanistan, economic weakness in communist countries, Gorbachev's perestroika

3 of 5 technologies in period 4 that reduced the problem of distance

radio communication, cellular communication, the internet, air travel and shipping containers

Two period 4 technologies that raised overall industrial production

Petroleum and Nuclear power

a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.

Green Revolution

2 of 3 medical technologies that impacted human life in period 4

birth control, vaccines, antibiotics

2 of 3 period 4 diseases associated with poverty; solved by ending poverty in regions

malaria, tuberculosis, cholera

2 of 3 period 4 epidemic diseases associated with globalization

ebola, AIDS, and influenza

2 period 4 diseases associated with longer lives

Heart disease, Alzheimer's

1980s American president who encouraged conservative and free market policies

Ronald Reagan

1980s British Prime minister who encouraged conservative and free market policies

Margaret Thatcher

Chinese leader whose conservative/free marktet reforms essentially dismantled the communist elements China's economy

Deng Xiaoping

Two of four Asian/Central American countries who became production/manufacturing economies in period 4

Vietnam, Bangladesh, Mexico, Honduras

an international organization that monitors and enforces rules governing global trade

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Agreement signed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico in 1992 to form the largest free trade zone in the world.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

a trade alliance that promotes trade and economic integration among member nations in Southeast Asia

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

2 of 3 Multinational corporations that globalized in period 4

Nestle, Nissan, Mahindra and Mahindra

provides a framework or guidelines for how all governments should treat their citizens

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights

movement for gender equality in work, families, marriage, and rights across the world

global feminism

a movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values

Negritude Movement

2 of 3 period 4 examples of increased access to political/social measures for subjugated social classes

US Civil Rights Act of 1965; end of Apartheid in South Africa; Caste Reservation in India

International coalition focusing on reforming corporate problems (modern slavery, inequalities, etc.) caused by globalization

World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO)

2 local cultural artistic traditions that became globalized culture during period 4

Reggae music, Bollywood movies

2 examples of the globalization of sports in period 4

Olympics, World Cup Soccer

2 of 4 examples of consumer culture becoming globalized and transcending national borders

Alibaba, eBay, CocaCola, Toyota