L16 - First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries and Medical Emergencies

Sprain

When ligaments are stretched or torn, use the PRICE treatment (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate).

Strain

When tendons are stretched or torn, use the PRICE treatment (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate).

Fracture

A broken or cracked bone, with two types - open fracture and closed fracture. Treatment involves immobilization, controlling bleeding, applying ice, and splinting.

Dislocation

When two connected bones become misaligned, avoid moving the dislocated part, apply ice, and ensure patient comfort.

Bleeding

Occurs when soft tissues are cut or wounded, with different types like minor wounds, nosebleeds, and puncture wounds.

minor wounds

includes cuts and scrapes. apply an ointment and cover it with bandage to heal

nosebleeds

bleeding from the nose. sit down and lean you head forward, tilted down, pinch your nose bridge, put an ice pack on it, and repeat the steps until bleeding stops

puncture wounds

skin is broken by a sharp object. clean the wound with soap, use a gauze to dry it, apply antibacterial solution, and cover the wound

heavy bleeding

deep cuts that can be dangerous. universal precautions must be observed

Burn

An injury from exposure to fire, heat, or certain chemicals, with first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burns.

first-degree burn (superficial)

only affects skin surface. the burned area is red and some pain are felt

second-degree burn (partial-thickness)

affects the outermost and second layer of skin. the burn can appear blistered, swollen, and are the most painful of all kinds of burn

third-degree burn (full-thickness)

affects up to the fatty tissues of the body so the muscles and bones may be burned. burned area looks black, and there will be no pain since the nerves have also been damaged

Heat exhaustion

Caused by excessive loss of water through sweating, treat by replacing lost fluids with water.

Heatstroke

Occurs when the body can't regulate its temperature, prevent by staying hydrated.

Poisoning

Can occur through ingestion, inhalation, etc. If suspected, find the cause, call emergency services, and follow instructions.

Choking

When a person is choking, perform abdominal thrusts for adults and back blows for children or infants.

Drowning

Associated with water accidents, perform CPR if no pulse is detected, and rescue breathing if there's no breathing but a pulse is present.

Electrocution

Happens when electricity passes through the body, leading to internal injuries and cardiac arrest. Turn off the power source and move the victim away.

Shock

The body's response to decreased blood flow, treat by stopping bleeding, resting, loosening clothing, keeping warm, and providing comfort.