Chapter 2 Comp Sci P

computing system

a group of computing devices that work together to solve a problem or provide a service

network

a computing system that links two or more computers together to share data

network adapter

a device that knows how to send and receive data across a network connection

ethernet cards

the standard network adapters used on most desktop computers

wireless network

a network which uses over-the-air signal for connections and does not require any wired connections

bandwidth

the amount of data you can push through a network connection over a given time

maximum transmission capacity

coaxial

the first type of cable used for networking, consisting of a solid copper wire surronded by insulation

twisted pair

cables containing up to 8 wires, wound together in pars to minimize electromagnetic interference, used for ethernet cables

baseband

a cable where bi-directional data is sent using digital signals that take up the entire bandwidth (or capability) of the cable

broadband

a cable where uni-directional data is sent in the form of an analog signal. more than one stream of data can be sent over the cable at one time

hub

a simple network device that connects computers together, broadcasting information to all connected device

switch

a smarter version of a hub, which is capable of sending information to a single recipient in a network

router

a device designed to pass information between multiple networks

gateway

the places in a system where two or more networks connect

modem

a device used to understand the particular type of network signal sent by an Internet Service Provider, and is often included in a home router

wireless access point

a device which acts as a hub or switch for all of the wireless devices connected to the network

internet

a huge global network of computer connected to one another

server

a computer that specializes in storing information or processing requests

client

a computer that will request data from server computers using an application or browser

internet service provider

a company that provides access to other services on the internet

IP address

internet protocol address a network address which allows one computer or device to communicate with other computers or devices

routing

selecting the bets path for data packets to travel across a network

IPv4

an address that contains four individual numbers betwen 0 and 255 that uniquely identify your computer on a network

IPv6

an address that contains 16 numbers in hexadecimal form, which allows many more addresses than IPv4

protocol

a language or method for sending data on the internet

open system connection

the internet standards that govern the protocols used i transmitting data

TCP/IP

this protocol is responsible for sending and receiving packets of data across the network

packet

a unit of data made into a single package that travels along a given network path

data stream

a group of related data packets sent across a network

transmission control protocol

highly reliable protocol that controls the way packets are sent and received on a network

reliability

a concept that says when one network component fails, the remining parts continue working as best they can

user datagram protocol

fast protocol that controls the way packets are sent and received on a network

world wide web

a giant collection of specially linked and formatted information organized into websites and pages tat you can view through your web browser

HTTP

hyper-text transfer protocol the language for sending web page data on the internet

file transfer protocol

the language for sending file data on the internet

post office protocol

a protocol that is used to download or receive ny messages that are waiting for you account

simple mail transfer protocol

a protocol that is used to send email from users to mail servers, or from one mail server to another

internet message access protocol

a newer protocol that is used to download or receive email messages

local area network

a similar network of computers in your home or office

scalability

the ability of a system to grow or shrink to meet new levels of demand

fault tolerance

a networks ability to continue uninterrupted communications despite the failure of one or more of its components

redundancy

the inclusion of extra components in a network that can be used in case other components fail

user datagram protocol

the goal is to send info quickly without worrying about accuracy. it sends all packets at once an doesn’t check if they all get through or arrive in the right order. this is useful in real life when split seconds matters more the correcting errors, like video-conferencing, live streaming and online gaming

lossless compression

reduces the number of bits stored or transmitted while guaranteeing complete reconstruction of the original data

lossy compression

significantly reduces the number of bits stored or transferred but only allow reconstruction of an approximation of the original data

bit

pair of options (1,0)

bit rate

the number of bits per second

latency

delay between actions