2.1

What motivated the English to explore and settle in the New World?

The English were motivated by the potential to create a perfect society, commercial incentives, and the desire to alleviate problems such as constant wars, religious strife, and overpopulation in England.

What economic theory influenced English colonization efforts?

Mercantilism, which emphasized increasing a nation's wealth through exports over imports, influenced English colonization efforts.

What were the religious motivations behind English colonization?

The Protestant Reformation, led by figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, created a desire among groups like the Puritans for religious freedom and a 'purified' church.

What was the significance of the English Reformation in the context of colonization?

The English Reformation, initiated by Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church, led to increased religious discontent and the desire for refuge among dissenters like the Puritans.

How did the English perceive the Irish during their colonization efforts?

The English viewed the Irish as 'vicious and ignorant savages' and justified harsh treatment based on this perception.

What was the relationship between the French and Native Americans in North America?

The French established close relationships with Native Americans through fur trading and intermarriage, which helped them settle in areas like Quebec.

What role did the Dutch play in early American colonization?

The Dutch became a leading trade power in the Americas, establishing New Amsterdam and engaging in fur trade.

What was the outcome of the Roanoke colony expedition?

The Roanoke colony, established by Sir Walter Raleigh, mysteriously disappeared, leaving only the word 'Croatoan' as a clue.

What challenges did the Jamestown settlers face upon arrival?

Jamestown settlers faced disease, particularly malaria, and relied heavily on Native Americans for survival.

What crop became the first profitable export for the Virginia colony?

Tobacco became the first profitable crop in the Virginia colony, encouraging further settlement.

How did the leadership of De La Warr and his successors impact the Virginia colony?

De La Warr and his successors imposed strict discipline and later allowed private land ownership, which helped stabilize and expand the colony.

What was the initial population of the Jamestown settlement and what happened to it?

The initial population was 144 men, but within months, only 38 men were left alive due to disease and starvation.

What were the consequences of the London Company's expansion plans in 1609?

The London Company's expansion plans led to disaster, with ships lost at sea and many settlers dying from disease and starvation.

What did the settlers learn from Native Americans that helped them survive?

Settlers learned agricultural techniques, including how to grow corn and beans, and skills like canoe building from Native Americans.

What was the impact of the Spanish Armada's defeat on English colonization?

The defeat of the Spanish Armada boosted English confidence and their ability to establish colonies in the Americas.

What was the role of merchant capitalists in the English colonization efforts?

Merchant capitalists sought to expand trade and increase profits, often monopolizing the wool and cloth trade.

What was the significance of the term 'coureurs de bois' in the context of French colonization?

Coureurs de bois were fur traders who established close partnerships with Native Americans, facilitating French settlement in North America.

What were the main characteristics of the early Chesapeake region?

The early Chesapeake region was characterized by swampy land, disease vulnerability, and reliance on Native American assistance.

How did the English settlers' view of Native Americans affect their interactions?

English settlers often viewed Native Americans as inferior, which led to conflicts and a lack of genuine cooperation.

What was the outcome of the harsh discipline imposed by early Virginia governors?

While harsh discipline initially helped stabilize the colony, it eventually led to a shift towards private land ownership for better productivity.

What was the significance of the inscription 'Croatoan' found at Roanoke?

The inscription 'Croatoan' remains a mystery and is the only clue left behind by the lost Roanoke colony.

What were the main challenges faced by the Jamestown settlers in terms of resources?

The Jamestown settlers faced challenges such as a lack of food, disease, and the need for agricultural knowledge.

What was the impact of the English Reformation on the Puritans?

The English Reformation led to the rise of Puritans who sought to reform the Church of England and eventually desired to establish their own congregations.

How did the English approach colonization differently from the Spanish?

Unlike the Spanish, the English settled in areas physically separated from Native populations to create new societies rather than ruling over them.

What was the role of alliances with Native Americans in French colonization?

Alliances with Native Americans were crucial for the French, enabling them to establish trade networks and military support.