ch3 - carbohydrates

what biological elements are carbohydrates made up of

C, H, O

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

what is a monomer 

small units which can be joined to form long chain of molecules 

what is a polymer 

long chain of molecules formed by joining monomers during a condensation reaction

what is a condensation reaction 

joining molecules together by removing water causing chemical bonds to be formed

what are condensation reactions also known as and why

anabolic reactions - building large molecules from smaller ones this process requires and uses energy to form bonds 

what is hydrolysis reaction 

splitting apart molecules through the addition of water causing chemical bonds to be broken 

what are hydrolysis reactions also known as

catabolic reactions - breakdown of a large molecule into smaller ones this process releases energy as bonds are broken 

condensation = … reaction

hydrolysis = … reaction 

condensation = anabolic 

hydrolysis = catabolic 

is glucose a monomer or polymer

a monomer 

what is the chemical formula for glucose and why is glucose important

C6H12O6

its important for all living things for respiration so energy can be generated

what are the two isomers of glucose 

Alpha glucose 

Beta glucose 

what does isomers mean 

when a molecule has the same chemical formula but the structure is different 

what is the structural difference between the isomers of glucose

Beta BEATS Alpha

-in beta glucose the hydroxyl, OH, group is above the plane

-in alpha glucose the hydroxyl, OH, group is below the plane

what is a monosaccharide and name all 4

a small simple sugar

-glucose

-fructose

-galactose

-ribose

what is a disaccharide and name all 3

two monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds - formed via condensation reactions

-maltose

-lactose

-sucrose

how is maltose formed

glucose + glucose > maltose + water

how is lactose formed 

glucose + galactose > lactose + water 

how is sucrose formed

glucose + fructose > sucrose + water