unit 2- alkenes and alkynes

saturated

alkanes- contain max hydrogen in bond

unsaturated

alkenes and alkynes- contain less hydrogen atoms due to double/triple bonds

alkenes

double bonds- add ene suffix

alkynes

triple bond- ends with suffix -yne

fat molecules contain

long hydrocarbon chains

most saturated fats are

solid at room temp

most unsaturated fats are

liquid (oils) at room temp

monounsaturated

one double/ triple bond

polyunsaturated

multiple double/ triple bonds

forms of alkenes that have the same structure except for the bonds around the double bond are

cis/ trans isomers (geometric isomers)

cis isomer

same side

trans isomer

across/ different sides

functional group

family name and chemical reactivity of all the compounds with that functional group

how does a double bond affect the formula

each double bond decreases hydrogen by 2

dienes

two double bonds

trienes

three double bonds

geometric isomers

2 distinct arrangements of the groups attached to double bonds

cis-trans isomers have different

physical and chemical properties

aromatics

group of chemicals with pleasant odor

benzene

1,3,5-cyclohexatriene

polymer

long chain molecules that consist of many smaller repeating units

natural polymers

cellulose and starch, silk and wool, DNA and RNA, hair and nails

monomers

the repeating chains

how are polymers named

poly added to front of word

how are monomers named

after number prefix add yl (ethylene)

reaction of alkene

double bond breaks apart

H2

hydrogenation

Cl2, Br2

halogenation

HCl, HBr, HI

hydrohalogenation

HOH

hydration

when is a catalyst used

hydrogenation

markovinkov’s rule (H)

hydrogen in HX adds to the carbon with most hydrogen atoms

markovinkov’s rule (X)

the halogen will go to whatever has the least hydrogen