Bio test 1

ionic bonds

• Form when electrons are transferred

• Positively and negatively charged ions are formed

Covalent bonds

• Form when electrons are shared

• Molecules  are formed

• polar- atoms share electrons unequally

• nonpolar-atoms share electrons equally

Polar molecule

Shares electrons unequally

Non-polar molecule

Shares electrons equally

What type of bond results in the main properties of water

Hydrogen bond

Organic molecule

• carbon-hydrogen bonds

• Typically covalent

Inorganic molecule

• no carbon-hydrogen bonds

• Typically ionic

C in CHONPS

Carbohydrate

H in CHONPS

Hydrogen

O in CHONPS

Oxygen

N in CHONPS

Nitrogen

P in CHONPS

Phosphorus

S in CHONPS

Sulfur

Why is water called a polar molecule

Water is called a polar molecule because its electrons are not shared equally between the atoms, which creates opposite electrical charges on different ends of the molecule

Cohesion

Water molecules attract each other

Adhesion

Water molecules attract to other substances

Heat Capacity

It takes a lot of energy too raise water’s temperature

Universal solvent

Great at dissolving solutes

Capillary Action 

äter molecules travel up a tube

Surface tension 

Cohesion allows for objects with lower density than water to stay on top of water 

Cohesion example

water droplets forming on a leaf

Adhesion example

Water molecules stick to a spider web

Heat Capacity example

oceans absorb without changing temperature quickly

Universal Solvent example

How salt dissolves in water

Capillary action example

Colored water traveling up the stem of a flower and changing its color

Surface tension example

Water striders walking on water

pH 0-6

Acidic

pH 7

Neutral

pH 8-14

Basic

Acidic

More H+

Neutral

Equal H+ and OH-

Basic

More OH-

Neutralization

Process of bringing a solution to a pH of 7, making the H+ and OH- ions equal.

What elements are carbohydrates made of?

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Monomer for Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

2 types of carbohydrates 

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates 

2 jobs of carbohydrates 

providing energy and structural support 

Elements that are up the majority of lipids

carbon and hydrogen

3 main types of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Functions of lipids

Energy storage, insulation and cell membrane structure

How are phospholipids important for biological organisms?

They are a major component of cell membranes

What elements can be found in proteins?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

4 important jobs of proteins

Enzymes, transport, structure and hormones

Proteins monomer

amino acids

Elements found in Nucleic Acids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus 

Monomer for Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides

Example of Nucleic Acids

DNA or RNA

2 jobs of nucleic acids

Storing genetic information and carrying out protein synthesis

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak attractions, no transfer of electrons