Hon Chem Unit 12 Acids and Bases

Acids

• turn litmus paper RED

• React with metals to form H2

• Burn skin

• Good electrolytes (form ions in water)

Bases

• Turn litmus paper blue

• Do NOT react with metals

• Feel slippery (may still burn skin)

• Good electrolytes (also form ions in water)

Conjugate base

takes away an H

Conjugate acid

gives an additional H

Neutralization

ACID and BASE double replacement produces…

Water and a Salt

Acid and a Metal produces…

H2 and a Salt

Acid plus a carbonate (CO₃⁻²) or bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) produces…

CO₂, H₂O and a Salt

Metal Oxide plus water

Produces a base (something hydroxide)

Nonmetal Oxide plus water

Produces an acid

The strength of an acid is directly related to…

Hydrogen ions or hydronium ions

pH

unit for measuring an acid/base strength

higher pH=

lower pH=

base

acid

Strong acids

completely dissociate (separate) into ions

Weak acids

partially dissociate

Strong Bases

completely ionize

Weak Bases

partially ionize

STRONG ACIDS

NO3BrICl SO4ClO4

Strong Bases

Group 1 hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH)

Some group 2 hydroxides Mg(OH)₂

Titration

• carefully controlled neutralization reaction

• One solution has a known concentration

• One is trying to be determined

End point

when the solution changes color in titration

Equivalence Point

Mole H⁺ = OH⁻