Part 8: Synovial Fluid

Synovial fluid

aka joint fluid

hyaluronic acid

Viscosity of Synovial Fluid is due to________

Arthrocentesis

Method of collecting synovial fluid via needle aspiration

less than 3.5 mL

Normal volume of joint fluid

Heparinized

Syringe used in collection

colorless to pale yellow (egg white)

Normal color of synovial fluid

Noninflammatory and inflammatory effusions

Deeper yellow color indicates

Bacterial infection

Greenish tinge indicates

Presence of WBC, synovial cell, debris and fibrin

Turbid synovial spx indicates ________

Milky

Presence of crystals indicates______

4 to 6 cm

Normal measurement for String Test

2-5% Acetic Acid

Ropes or Mucin Clot Test Reagent

Good

Grading: Solid or compact clot; clear fluid

Fair

Grading: Soft Clot; cloudy fluid

Low

Grading: Friable clot, turbid fluid

Poor

Grading: No clot, turbid fluid

1 drop of 0.05 hyaluronidase

For very viscous synovial fluid add __________

Normal Saline (0.85%)

Dilution for RBC count in Synovial fluid

Hypotonic saline

Dilution fluid for WBC synovial fluid

Reiter Cell

Cell found on Reactive arthritis

Gout

Monosodium urate (Uric acid) clinical significance

Pseudogout

Calcium pyrophosphate clinical significance

Renal dialysis

CaOx clinical significance

Osteoarthritis

Apatite ( Calcium phosphate)

Monosodium urate

yellow color; (+) Birefringence; Parallel to the long axis of the crystal

Calcium pyrpophosphate

Blue color; (+) Birefringence; Perpendicular to the long axis of the crystal

Glucose

Most frequently tested because it is markedly decreased in inflammatory disorders

Not be more than 10 mg/dL lower than blood glucose

Norma value of synovial blood glucose

SLE

(+) ANA