Unit 7 - Lateral Muscles of the Pelvis

What are the lateral muscles of the pelvis?

- Tensor fasciae latae muscle

- Superficial gluteal muscle

- Middle gluteal muscle

- Piriformis muscle

- Deep gluteal muscle

- Cranial crural abductor (in the cat)

What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Tuber coxae

- Insertion: Fascia lata (lateral femoral fascia)

- Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve

- Action: Flex the hip; Extend the stifle

What is the origin of the superficial gluteal muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Sacrum, Ca1 vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament (dog)

- Insertion: Third trochanter of the femur

- Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve

- Action: Extend the hip

What is the origin of the middle gluteal muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Crest and gluteal surface of the ilium

- Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur

- Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve

- Action: Extend the hip; Abduct the limb at the hip

What is the origin of the piriformis muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Lateral surface of the third sacral and first caudal vertebrae

- Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur with the middle gluteal muscle

- Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve

- Action: Extend the hip; Abduct the limb at the hip

What is the origin of the deep gluteal muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Body of the ilium and ischiatic spine

- Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur

- Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve

- Action: Extend the hip; Abduct the limb at the hip; Rotate the pelvic limb medially

What is the origin of the cranial crural abductor (gluteofemoralis, caudofemoralis) muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Caudal vertebrae 2-4

- Insertion: Fascia lata

- Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve

- Action: Abduct the limb at the hip

Where is the cranial crural abductor (gluteofemoralis, caudofemoralis) muscle located?

- Located between the superficial gluteal and biceps femoris muscles

Is the cranial crural abductor (gluteofemoralis, caudofemoralis) muscle present in the dog? The cat?

- Present in the cat; Not present in the dog

What are the caudal hip muscles also referred to as?

- The small pelvic association muscles

What are the caudal hip muscles?

- Internal obturator muscle

- Gemelli muscles

- Quadratus femoris muscle

- External obturator muscle

What is the action of the caudal hip muscles?

- Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint

What is the origin of the internal obturator muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Pelvic symphysis and the dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis

- Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur

- Innervation: Sciatic nerve

- Action: Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip

What is the origin of the gemelli muscles? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Lateral surface of the ischium, caudal to the antebrachium

- Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur

- Innervation: Sciatic nerve

- Action: Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip

What is the origin of the quadratus femoris? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium

- Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest of the femur

- Innervation: Sciatic nerve

- Action: Extend the hip; Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip

What is the origin of the external obturator muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Ventral surface of the pubis and ischium

- Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur

- Innervation: Obturator nerve

- Action: Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip

What are the cranial thigh muscles?

- Quadriceps femoris muscle: Rectus femoris muscle; Vastus medialis muscle; vastus lateralis muscle; vastus intermedius muscle

What is the origin of the quadriceps femoris muscle - rectus femoris muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Ilium - Cranial to the acetabulum

- Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

- Innervation: Femoral nerve

- Action: Flex the hip; Extend the stifle

What is the origin of the quadriceps femoris muscle - vastus lateralis muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Craniolateral part of the proximal femur

- Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

- Innervation: Femoral nerve

- Action: Extend the stifle

What is the origin of the quadriceps femoris muscle - vastus medialis muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Proximal medial femur

- Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

- Innervation: Femoral nerve

- Action: Extend the stifle

What is the origin of the quadriceps femoris muscle - vastus intermedius muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: Proximal lateral femur

- Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

- Innervation: Femoral nerve

- Action: Extend the stifle

What are the sublumbar muscles?

- Psoas Minor muscle

- Ilioosoas Muscle: Psoas major and ilacus muscles

- Quadratus lumborum muscle

What is the innervation of the sublumbar muscles?

- Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves

- Femoral nerve

What is the origin of the psoas minor muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: T13; L1-L5 vertebrae

- Insertion: Arcuate line and iliopubic eminence

- Innervation: Lumbar nerves

- Action: Steepen the pelvis; Flex the lumbar vertebrae

What is the origin of the psoas major muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action? What is it part of?

- Origin: Transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae L2-L7

- Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur

- Innervation: Lumbar nerves; Femoral nerve

- Action: Flex the hip

- Part of iliopsoas muscle

What is the origin of the iliacus muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action? What is it part of?

- Origin: Ventral surface of the ilium between the arcuate line and the lateral border of the ilium

- Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur

- Innervation: Lumbar nerves; Femoral nerve

- Action: Flex the hip

- Part of iliopsoas muscle

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum muscle? The insertion? The innervation? The action?

- Origin: T11-T13; L1-L7 vertebrae

- Insertion: Wing of the ilium

- Innervation: Lumbar nerves

- Action: Fix the lumbar vertebrae