Kinesiology Exam 2

What does the word philosophy literally mean?

The word literally means “love of wisdom”. It is derived from the Greek words “philo” meaning love and “sophia” meaning wisdom 

What is the “distinctive feature” of philosophy?

Its systematic and rigorous exploration of fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, values and existence

Does Warburton argue philosophy help us understand important questions about our lives?

Yes, he believes that philosophy is not just an abstract academic pursuit, but a tool for engaging with crucial questions that arise in our everyday lives 

What’s a limitation to philosophy Warburton explicitly mentions in his reading?

“While philosophy can provide insights, it does not offer all-encompassing answers to every question” 

What do philosophers do with concepts in their work, according to Warburton?

They think about their own life as well as about the nature of life itself

What are the three levels of philosophical reading Russo discusses?

Getting The Notes, Getting the Rhythm/Structure and Getting the Chord Progressions/Harmonic Structure

Getting The Notes

Focusing on the basic understanding and meaning of the sentences and paragraphs without getting too complex into ideas and arguments. Just focus on the main points and overall flow

Getting the Rhythm/Structure

Identify the patterns of reasoning and argumentation used and analyze the structure of the text and how arguments are presented

Getting the Cord Progressions/Harmonic Structure

Find through the main themes deeper meanings and overall message of work. Grasp the interconnectedness of ideas and the over landscape presented

When reading for explication, the reader is trying to do what?

The reader is trying to uncover the meaning of something that is not clearly defined 

When reading for elucidation, the reader is trying to do what?

The reader is trying to attempt to clarify or understand the information being presented 

When reading for evaluation, the reader is trying to do what?

The reader is assessing the quality, credibility and usefulness of the text 

What is the defintition of Ideas

Defined through the lens of human movement and its various aspects 

What are the two types of ideas?

Scientific/Empirical and Philosophical/Reflective 

Which one of the two types of ideas is important for philosophical reflection?

Philosophical/Reflective which deals with thinking about fundamental questions regarding physical activity, human nature and the meaning of movement 

How are arguments defined for this course?

They aren’t defined as disputes or disagreements, instead they refer to structured reasoning and claims that support a specific position or conclusion, often based on evidence and data 

What is the measurement turn? How does this distinguish scientific research from philosophy?

The concept of emphasizes the significance of quantification, focusing on how measurement attempts to quantify subject matter 

What are the two key items philosophers contribute to research that highlights the importance of the missing-information argument?

Analyzing the limits of empirical data and developing theories of incomplete understanding 

Kretchmar argues reductionism is closely related to what other principle?

Dualism, particularly within the context of philosophical discussions on personhood 

True or False: A philosopher may argue that causation happens in two directions, such as ideas being the result of events and events coming from ideas.

True

What are the five main arguments Kretchmar presents as to why philosophy is useful in kinesiology?

• Understanding Human Movement and Activity 

• Examining Fundamental Interpretations of Personhood 

• Holistic Perspective 

• Addressing Metaphysical Questions 

• Exploring the Meaning and Value of Physical Activity

When employing axiology, what are philosophers focused on “uncover[ing]?”

The nature of value

True or False; When employing axiology, philosophers are assessing if an idea is good?

True

Are axiological questions related to assessing the value of a concept/idea?

Yes, it is the philosophical study of value and therefore questions are directly related to assessing the value of a concept, idea or anything considered valuable 

What’s the question philosophers focus on when asking axiological questions?

“What is Valuable" 

True or False: Kretchmar notes that axiology and ethics are closely related points of inquiry?

True

What are instrumental values?

The preferable modes of behavior that individuals use to achieve their terminal values which are desirable end states of existence. They are the “means or process” used to reach desired goals 

What are intrinsic values?

The internal rewards or enjoyment derived from engaging in physical activity, leading to sustained participation. These values are constructed with extrinsic factors. 

What is an autotelic value?

Refers to the intrinsic enjoyment or satisfaction derived from the activity itself, rather than from any external rewards or outcomes. It's about doing something for the sake of the experience and feeling the engagement it provides 

Which type of goods are associated with instrumental values? How about intrinsic value?

Something with instrumental value is considered good as a means to achieve something else that is good. Examples could be a hammer, money and a job. Something with intrinsic value is considered good or valuable “in itself”. Some examples could be happiness, friendship and love 

What is dualism? Which of the three approaches in the Loland reading is dualism associated with?

The idea that there are two distinct and fundamentally different kinds of “stuff” in the world. Is likely associated with an approach that separates the mind and the body.

Which of the three approaches to exercise (Phenomenological/ Mechanist/ Social Construction) in the Loland reading emphasizes the experiences of individuals?

The Phenomenological approach

Which of the three approaches to exercise (Phenomenological/ Mechanist/ Social Construction) in the Loland reading would at least somewhat consider taking an exercise pill?

The mechanist approach and social construction approach

Which of the three approaches to exercise (Phenomenological/ Mechanist/ Social Construction) in the Loland reading would absolutely not consider taking an exercise pill?

The phenomenological approach

Which theory focuses on people achieving their important life goals?

The Holistic Theory

Which theory focuses on comparing organs/the body to the average/others?

The Biostatistical Theory

Which theory cares about the cultural and environmental context?

The Holistic Theory 

Which theory only cares about survival of the individual?

The Biostatistical Theory 

Which theory cares about survival of an individual AND quality of life/vital goals of the individual?

The Holistic Theory

Which theory views the body in a dualist fashion?

The Biostatistical Theory 

Which theory emphasizes the use of data and statistics for comparison?

The Biostatistical Theory

True/False; Internal values, external values, and autotelic values are associated with axiology.

True

What is the definition of Axiology?

The study of values, encompassing both ethical and aesthetic values 

What is the definition of Dualism?

The theory that reality is composed of two fundamental and irreducible things or principles

What is the definition of Intrinsic Value?

The inherent worth of something has “in itself” or for its own sake, independent of any external utility or consequences