quiz 6

In 1852 the Second Empire in France was created when

In 1852 the Second Empire in France was created when

french voters overwhelmingly voted for the restoration of the empire

n 1871, William I was proclaimed kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in

Versailles

The Romantic nationalist who challenged Cavour for control of southern Italy was

Garibaldi

The Red Shirts fought for

Garibaldi

Friedrich Nietzsche glorified

irrationality

The belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideas was simply a result of physical forces is known as

materialism

The dominant literary and artistic movement in the 1850s and 1860s was

realism

The best example of Naturalism in literature can be found in the novels of

Emile Zola

Who was the revolutionary leader who helped overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912

Sun Yat-Sen

By 1900, which country was one of the few that hand’t achieved full literacy

Bulgaria

By 1900, most European educational systems were

free and compulsory at least at the primary level

At the turn of the century, the justifications for imperialism was

“White Man’s Burden”, Social Darwinism, need for military bases, and national prestige

The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was

Camillo di Cavour

The policies of Camillo di Cavour consisted of

encouraging that development of roads, canals, and railroads in Piedmont, fostering business enterprise by expanding credit, stimulation investment in new industries, securing an alliance with Napoleon III

Under the Second Empire, Napoleon III was most interested in

the industrial development of France

European middle-class families during the late nineteenth century stressed

functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for their future roles

The middle classes of nineteenth-century Europe were

very concerned with propriety and shared values of hard work and christian morality

The upper classes in the late nineteenth century included

the landed aristocracy, the upper middle classes, wealthy upper middle classes, industrial plutocrats

The Triple Alliance before 1914 included

Germany, Austria, and Italy

Karl Marx embraced the German philosopher Hegel’s idea of the dialectic, meaning

all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements

The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were

Serbs and Austrians

The Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867 created

the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

The Dual Monarchy:

Austria & Hungary had a single monarch, each had a constitution and capital, independent bicameral legislatures, bound together through a common army and foreign policy

A new development in the age of mass leisure was

professional sports

Emergence of the late nineteenth-century mass society:

the extension of voting rights to the lower classes, a better standard of living for the lower classes, mass leisure, & the “weekend” as a time of fun

The English Reform Act of 1884

gave English agricultural workers the right to vote

In order to implement the Liberal Party’s social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

House of Lords

Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George was

passage of the national insurance act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers

Using Darwin’s terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that human societies were

organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments

Charles Darwin’s The Descent of Man argued for the

animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time

The Eastern Question refers to the disintegration of the

Ottoman Empire

Theodor Hersl, leader of the Zionist movement, advocated the creation of a Jewish state in

Palestine

During the nineteenth century, Jews were

emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions

Vera Zasulich’s successful use of violence against the tsarist regime in Russia led to the assassination of Tsar Alexander II by radicals known as the

people’s will

Otto von Bismarck belonged to the

junker class

Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification, practiced

realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy

As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his

political goals of military modernization

The Bismarckian System had the ultimate result of

dividing Europe into two opposing groups of nations, making war more likely

Prussian leadership of German unification meant the triumph of

authoritarian and militaristic values over liberal and constitutional values in new German states

The Second Industrial Revolution saw the advent of

steel

During the Second Industrial Revolution, working-class organizations emphasized the

gender role of women as housewives

“Sweating” jobs for women involved the

subcontracting of piecework, usually in the tailoring trades

Women were given the right to take qualifying exams for medical school in Britain in 1876 by an act of

parliament

To advance the cause of women’s suffrage, the Women’s Social and Political Union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

took a radical, public, and well, publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pleting male politicians with eggs

Maria Montessori exemplifies the “new woman “of modern times in that she

obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development

Elizabeth Poole Sanford argued that women should avoid being

self sufficient

The Boulanger Crisis in France had the end result of

rallying french citizens to the cause of the republic

In late nineteenth-century Europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to a

strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations

The state with the most successful socialist party in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was

Germany

The Realist novelist whose Madame Bovary indicated his contempt for middle-class hypocrisy and smugness was

Gustave Flaubert

In addition to examining everyday life, the literary Realists of the mid-nineteenth century were also interested in completely avoiding romantic imagery, as shown in the works of

Charles Dickens

An overall result of the Crimean War was the

the destruction of the concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification

The Meiji Restoration in Japan

sent many Japanese abrade to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization

Camille Pissarro was one of the founders of

impressionism

The Russian zemstvos were local assemblies with

limited self-governing powers

During the Franco-Prussian War the French were decisively defeated at the

Battle of Sedan

As a consequence of its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France had to

give up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine

Eduard Bernstein, in his book Evolutionary Socialism, claimed that socialism could best be achieved through

could best be achieved through the democratic process

Britain’s Fabian Socialists favored evolution toward a socialist state by

democratic means

Canada largely gained its independence in 1867 with the

The Dominion of Canada Act

The First International served as a type of umbrella organization for

all European labor interests

According to relativity theory

neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer

Germany entered the ranks of the imperialist powers by establishing African colonies including

the Cameroons

The Boer War was fought by the British in

South Africa

British rule brought to India

western-style secondary schools, western technology, such as railroads and medical knowledge, great security and order, relatively honest and efficient government

Splits between the French working and middle classes were further widened by the

the brutal suppression of the Paris commune in 1871

In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from the

the kingdom of Piedmont

The October Manifesto of Nicholas II led to the creation of a legislative assembly known as the

Duma

The nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk (“total art work”) was

Wagner

The scientist who provided the systematic foundation for the period law by classifying material elements by their atomic weights was

Dmitri Mendeleyev

Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes for her achievements in

physics and chemistry

An issue that brought socialists together in the nineteenth century was the

desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers

The Pan-German League advocated

anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home

The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was

Austria

Initially, trade unions in the first half of the nineteenth century functioned primarily as

political parties