America on the World Stage

WWI

Wilson and Huerta’s Government

President Woodrow Wilson and Mexican President Victoriano Huerta had a tense relationship due to Huerta's authoritarian rule.

Wilson and the “bloodless” taking of Veracruz

Wilson ordered the occupation of Veracruz in 1914 to prevent the delivery of weapons to Huerta.

Wilson and Carranza’s Government

Wilson recognized Venustiano Carranza as the legitimate leader of Mexico after Huerta's fall.

Pancho Villa

A Mexican revolutionary leader who conducted raids on American soil during the Mexican Revolution.

Who are the Allies and Central Powers?

• Allies: France, Britain, Russia, and later the United States

• Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand?

Assassination in Austria-Hungary, 1914 triggered the start of World War I.

Nationalism and Militarism

1. countries competing for power and territorial gains

2. Nationalistic fervor and the arms race between countries fueled tensions.

What are the technological advancements of WWI?

machine guns, tanks, chemical weapons, and airplanes.

How did America become an arsenal for the allies? what were they supposed to be?

America supplied weapons and resources to the Allies during the war, transforming it into an arsenal of democracy. Were supposed to remain neutral.

Lusitania

The British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, leading to increased tensions between the United States and Germany.

Election of 1916, who won, and why

Wilson won the election against Charles Evans Hughes, largely due to his campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out of War."

Wilson’s purpose for war

Wilson declared war on Germany in 1917 to make the world "safe for democracy" and end the war.

Zimmerman Telegram

A secret message sent by Germany to Mexico, proposing an alliance against the United States, intercepted by the British and revealed to the Americans.

How did America have an impact on the war?

provided crucial resources, troops, and morale support to the Allies, tipping the balance in their favor.

What was the impact of the Selective Service Act?

introduced conscription in the United States, requiring men to register for military service.

How did Women impact the war effort?

took on jobs traditionally held by men such as working in factories, nursing, clerical positions to contribute to the war effort on the home front.

What was the impact of Liberty Bonds

government-issued securities that encouraged citizens to contribute financially to the war effort.

War Industries Board (WIB)

government entity that supervised and coordinated industrial production during World War I.

National War Labor Board

federal agency that settled labor disputes and ensured fair working conditions for workers in industries vital to the war effort during WWI

Committee of Public Information (CPI)

government agency created to shape public opinion and promote support for the war through propaganda, censorship, and patriotism.

The Espionage Act of 1917

law that made it illegal to interfere with military recruitment, support the enemy, or promote insubordination in the armed forces during wartime.

The Sabotage and Sedition Act

legislation that further restricted speech and activities deemed disloyal to the war effort.

Eugene Debs and Socialist party during the war

Eugene Debs was socialist leader who spoke out against U.S. involvement in the war and was subsequently arrested and convicted under the Espionage Act.

How were German American’s treated during this war?

faced suspicion and discrimination due to anti-German sentiment. Some faced harassment, censorship, and even violence.

November 11, 1918

The official end of World War I, marked by the signing of the Armistice that ended the fighting on the Western Front.

What were the casualties for this war? Where were they that high?

20 million deaths and 21 million wounded largely due to the trench warfare and new technologies used in the conflict.

14-point plan

President Woodrow Wilsons plan for post-war peace and stability, which included principles such as self-determination for nations, open diplomacy, and the establishment of a League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles - How it punished Germany

peace treaty that ended World War I. It imposed severe penalties on Germany, including territorial losses, disarmament, and reparations.

How was the economy impacted by the war ending?

wartime industries scaled down, leading to unemployment and an economic downturn.

How were African Americans treated coming home from war? How were they expected to?

African American soldiers returning from the war faced continued racial discrimination and violence. They were expected to return to segregated and unequal conditions.

The Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and Midwest during and after World War I, in search of better economic opportunities and to escape racial discrimination.

The Red Summer

Refers to the violent racial conflicts that occurred in several cities across the United States during the summer of 1919, fueled by racial tensions and white supremacist ideologies.

The Red Scare - What caused it and what happened?

A period of intense anti-communist and anti-radical hysteria in the United States following World War I. It was fueled by fears of a communist revolution and led to the suppression of left-wing political groups and individuals.

Marcus Garvey

A Jamaican-born leader who advocated for black nationalism and economic self-sufficiency. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and promoted the Back-to-Africa movement.

Election of 1920, who won, and why?

Republican Warren G. Harding won the election of 1920, he promised a return to conservative values and a focus on domestic issues.