Chlorine Bleach Toxicity in Animals

Flashcards covering the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of chlorine bleach toxicity in veterinary medicine.

Chlorine bleach

A substance that causes mild to severe GI ulcerations as well as ocular, dermal, and respiratory irritation.

Bird sensitivity (Inhalants)

A specific species note indicating they are especially sensitive to the inhalant effects of chlorine bleach.

High concentration/$pH$ ingestion signs

Ulceration of the mouth, esophagus, and upper GI tract.

Chlorine bleach inhalation signs

Coughing, gagging, retching, and respiratory distress, with potential pulmonary edema after $12-24\,h$ from chloramine gas.

Labwork findings (Large exposure)

Can result in hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, and with or without metabolic acidosis.

Chlorine bleach treatment contraindications

Emesis and activated charcoal (AC) are contraindicated for these patients.

Acidic products (Necrosis)

These products cause coagulative necrosis.

Alkalotic products (Necrosis)

These products cause liquefactive necrosis and carry a risk of perforation.

Pool cleaners

Identified as a major source of highly concentrated chlorine exposure.

Chlorine bleach prognosis

Generally good for most cases, but worsens with respiratory signs or extensive lesions.

Chlorine bleach oral dilution

The administration of milk or water orally to dilute the exposure.

Dilute/moderate $pH$ ingestion signs

Vomiting, hypersalivation, and anorexia.