18th Century Pratscher

Restoration

Oliver Cromwell Died and his son didn't want to be king. Former Parliament got together to find Charles II. Return of monarchy under Charles II in 1660.

Charles II

King of England who restored monarchy.

Plague of 1665

Disease outbreak killing 70,000 people. Government huge help containing disease.

Great Fire of London

1666 disaster leaving 100,000 homeless. Government helped with housing.

James II

Charles II's successor, attempted Protestant conversions. Forcing people to convert taking away progress as a country. Parliament steps in to stop him.

Mary II

Daughter of James II, took over peacefully after the parliament convinced James II.

Glorious Revolution

Bloodless transition of power to Mary II.

Queen Anne

Mary's sister who takes over when she dies, united England and Scotland. Creates Great Britain.

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement focusing on reason and science. People are less focused on their basic needs.

What was a main belief during the Enlightenment regarding understanding?

Everything should be understood.

What was considered the main purpose in life during the Enlightenment?

To find answers.

How did Enlightenment thinkers view the process of finding answers?

They enjoyed the struggle and process of finding answers.

What was the Enlightenment thinkers' belief about chaos?

They didn't believe in chaos.

Scientific Revolution

Period beginning in 1650s, modernizing science.

Neoclassical literature

Writers inspired by ancient Greece and Rome. Classical allusions, Generalizations, Satire.

Classical allusions

References to well-known myths and figures. Gods, Socrates.

Generalizations

Statements true for a broad audience. Want to reach a large audience

Satire

Humorous criticism aimed at societal flaws. Making fun of leaders. Often aimed at making a change. Most of it is harmless lighthearted and funny that points out flaws.

Jonathan Swift

Author known for aggressive political satire. Calling out English as an Irishman

Literary expansion

Stability leads to increase in reading and publishing in England. More educated people, more people reading and buying books.

First real magazines

Have one chapter of a book per magazine

Public libraries

First access points for widespread knowledge.

Coffee houses

Social centers for exchanging ideas.

Writing

becomes a career not just a hobby

Age of Dryden

1660-1700 Literary period marked by reopening of theaters. Mock Epics and Prose popular

Mock-epics

Lighthearted parodies of serious epic poems. Less focused on moral lessons.

Prose

Written language not in poetic or play form. Dryden first time in English history prose is popular because people can read

Age of Pope and Swift

1700-1750 Period dominated by satire and social commentary. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift.

A Modest Proposal

Belittles big issues to point out flaws.

Swift's satirical essay on Irish poverty. Attacking how the the English are treating the Irish. Said Irish would eat babies to avoid starvation.

What is 'The Rape of the Lock'?

A humorous poem by Alexander Pope.

What theme does 'The Rape of the Lock' explore?

Romantic miscommunication causing conflict.

What event triggers the conflict in 'The Rape of the Lock'?

The cutting off of a piece of a woman's hair.

What is the tone of 'The Rape of the Lock'?

Humorous and entertaining.

What literary technique is used in 'The Rape of the Lock'?

Exaggeration to poke fun at trivial issues.

Jonathan Swifts beliefs

People are morally flawed. Humans aren't as smart as we think we are. People only do the right thing out of fear of consequence.

Robinson Crusoe

First English novel by Daniel Defoe.

Age of Johnson

1750-1798

Period of literary order and dictionary publication. All writing is popular.

Samuel Johnson

Journalist and first English dictionary creator.

First English Dictionary

No such thing as a right spelling and pronunciation changed spelling until the dictionary. Very biased definitions and inaccurate

Spelling and grammar

Became important for showing education.

What is Romanticism?

A literary movement focusing on emotion over intellect.

When did writers start to turn away from Neo-classical literature?

In the late 1700s.

Book clubs

Groups for discussing literature and ideas.

Who wrote To A Mouse

Robert Burns

Main event in "To a Mouse"

Plow digs up burrowed mouse during the cold winter.

Empathetic Tone (To a Mouse)

Feel the similar pain. (feels the same when he made a plan and it doesn't work)

Sympathetic Tone (To a Mouse)

Feel bad for pain but don't understand it (He has never been a homeless mouse)

1st Stanza TAM

There is a scared little mouse and the man is saying he wont hurt it.

How does Burns react to destroying the mouse's house on accident.

Apologizing for mans effect. Makes sense the mouse is scared

How does Burns feel about the mouse stealing

Understands it has to steal to survive. Burns is blessed and the mouse is only taking the extra.

What is the condition of the mouse's house

It is destroyed and being blown away. Cannot build another house in the winter with the sharp cold.

How did the mouse feel before the plow came

The mouse was safe underground

What does Burns say about plans not working

The mouse's plans of staying safe did not go to plan and all his hard work was for nothing. Burns relates to this when plans don't go as expected.

How does Burns feel the mouse has a better life

The mouse always lives in the present while humans are constantly afraid of future and worry about the past.

Tones of TAM

Empathetic, respectful, understanding, compassionate, sympathetic

Themes of TAM

Better to live in the present, not everything goes according to plan, everything has value no matter how small

To a Louse main idea

Fictional satire on seeing a louse on a lady's bonnet at church. Satire on socioeconomic status. Completely ridiculous written by Robert Burns

How does Burns feel and treat the louse

Extremely angry, insults and yells at him in his writing.

Where does Burns say the louse belongs

in a poor beggar's hair. Saying all poor people have lots of lice. "Will find family there"

Where is the louse trying to reach

The top of her bonnet

What is the name of the woman

Jeany

What is unique about what Jeany is wearing

Extremely expensive hat called a Lunardi. Shows very high class

How does Jeany feel about herself

She believes she is better than everyone else and everyone is looking at her

Subjects

Louse, Jeany, High class people

Louse

Represents climbing social ladder. Louse is acting better than all the other lice by not being in her hair.

Jeany

Thinks she is better than everyone else

High class

They are using money to put down others so they seem better

Tones of To a Louse

Mocking, sarcastic, angry, critical, satirical, humorous

Who wrote Gulliver's Travels?

Jonathan Swift

What was the background of the start of Gulliver's travels

Ship wreck washes Gulliver ashore in "Lilliput", Everyone is 6 inches tall.

What do the lilliputians do when the first see Gulliver

They lock him up for his size

What does his imprisonment symbolize

Swift points out the injustice of the judicial system.

What is unique about how Gulliver takes his oath in court

They have him go in a very weird position. Swift is mocking.

How do the lilliputians see their emperor

They see him like a God. They ignore everyone else. Swift is showing ethnocentrism like the English

What are Gulliver's tasks for freedom

Can't leave the country, 2 hour notice before entering cities, has to ask consent before picking people up. Work for them and deliver messages

What is swift saying with the amount of food given to Gulliver

The English Government is wasteful and wont admit to their wrongs

What does the way people crack eggs symbolize in the real world

Religion

Little endiens are....

Protestants

Big endiens

Catholics

Lilliput belief

little-endiens by law. Big endiens living here went to blefuscu

What does people leaving Lilliput to be big endiends symbolize

Catholics leaving for safety in france (Blefescu)

Significance of Egg

The way you get to God doesn't matter because we all are going to the same place.

What do they ask from Gulliver next

Ask for help in war against Blefescu.

What does Gulliver do in war

he helps by stealing their ships. Doesn't kill anyone. War is over.

How did the emperor feel at first

He was very thankful

What did the emperor want him to do next

steal all of their ships to force them to be little endians. He wants to enslave all of them.

How does Gulliver react to the emperor asking to steal all of their ships

He says no and is put back in court. Swift is showing the English's greed.