Semester 2 Final Review Packet - Unit 5 & 6

Vocabulary flashcards for cell membrane, transport, DNA structure and osmosis

Glycolipid

A lipid with a carbohydrate attached.

Glycoprotein

A protein with a carbohydrate attached.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport aided by integral membrane proteins.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Equilibrium

A state where the rate of forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no net change.

Protein Channels

Proteins that help molecules move across the cell membrane.

Cholesterol

A lipid that helps to regulate the fluidity of the cell membrane.

Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Aquaporins

Water channel proteins that facilitate the movement of water across cell membranes.

Cell membrane

A biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the outside environment.

Cell Transport

The movement of materials across the cell membrane.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer outside the plasma membrane of a cell.

Endocytosis

The process of taking substances into the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane.

Exocytosis

A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport of molecules across the cell membrane with the help of membrane proteins.

Fluid Mosaic Model

A conceptual model describing the cell membrane as a fluid lipid bilayer with proteins embedded within it.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher solute concentration as compared to another solution.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower solute concentration as compared to another solution.

DNA Structure

Double helix composed of nucleotides.

Nucleotide

Monomer of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogenous base.

Chargaff's Rules

A=T and C=G Percentages.

Rosalind Franklin

Discovered the double helix structure of DNA through X-ray diffraction.

Watson and Crick

Built the first accurate model of the DNA double helix.

DNA Replication

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself.

Antiparallel

Meaning two strands run in opposite directions.

Isotonic Solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of a cell.

Lipid Bilayer

A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Passive Transport

The movement of materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy.

Selectively Permeable

Allows some substances to cross the cell membrane more easily than others.

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Hydrophilic Head

The polar, water-loving part of a lipid molecule.

Hydrophobic Tail

The nonpolar, water-fearing part of a lipid molecule.

Integral Proteins

Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer.