Chemical Bonding

Chem 20 Bonding Notes

What elements are never found in nature in combined form?

Noble Gases

What does the group number tell you?

It indicates the number of valence electrons.

Which groups in the periodic table ignore the “1” in the group number?

The MAIN Groups 1, 2, and 13-18.

What is the period number?

The amount of energy levels occupied by electrons

What is the main difference between the ion charge and the group number?

The group number tells you how much valence electrons there are, the ion charge tells you how much electrons the element gained or lost to become stable.

How many dots can be placed around an element in an electron dot diagram?

A maximum of 8

What is a lone pair?

A pair of electrons around an element but not involved in bonding

What is an atom’s bonding capacity, and what is its main goal? “Hand holding” analogy

An atom’s bonding capacity is the amount of “hands” or electrons available to hold or bond with other elements. The main goal is to satisfy the octet rule.

What is an ionic bond?

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

How are ionic bonds formed?

When the positive charge of a cation and the negative charge of an anion draws them together.

When drawing the lewis dot structure for ionic bonds, what should be the end result? (Three parts)

There should be no charges, the metal(s) should have no valence electrons, and the non-metals should have their valence level filled.

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed when two non-metals share a pair of electrons.

What do covalent bonds do differently compared to ionic bonds in order to satisfy the octet rule?

They share electrons instead of giving them to another element.

When drawing lewis dot structure for covalent bonds, what element should you put in the middle?

The amount with the most valence electrons available.