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cognitive psychology
the study of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering and thinking
introspection
observer looks inward and reports inner-sensations and perceptions
structuralsim
studies the basic elements of conscious experience
functionalism
focused on the useful functions of consciousness or conscious experience
behaviorism
rejected structuralism and functionalism.
verbal learners
behaviorists interested in memoryand language acquisition, focusing on how verbal information is processed and retained.
information processing perspective
mental processes are assumed to be coordinated within a multi-component system
hardware
refers to actual computer machinery— our brain central nervous system
software
computer programs that tell the computer what to do— cognitive processes we use every day
working memory
a limited capacity system that temporarily holds and manipulates information for cognitive tasks.
long term memory
the system responsible for storing information over extended periods, often for a lifetime, and includes both explicit and implicit memories.
theoretical model
meant to explain everything
duration
how long does it last?
capacity
how much information does it hold?
process models
specific hypotheses concerning particular mental process or experimental task
lexical decision task
a psychological experiment that answers what are the steps/stages we go through as we perform particular tasks
serial processing
processes will occur one at a time
parallel processing
mental processes occur simultaneaously
data driven (bottom up)
based on features and elements of the stimulus without existing knowledge or context
conceptually driven
processing guided by our knowledge that’s stored in LTM
semantic memory
contains general world knowledge— what should you eat for breakfast? shared knowledge
episodic memory
your autobiographic memory— what did I eat for breakfast. unique to us
techitiscope
a slide projector that controls the amount of time (ms) the stimuli are presented
ecological validity
real world meaningfulness
analysis-by-synthesis
the process by which pattern recognition is assumed to occur
phoneme
smallest unit of speech
formants
the concentration of physical energy in spoken words
preconscious
refers to processing of which you are unaware but you later could become aware of this material (subliminal perception)
unconscious information
is a term reserved for material which has been repressed and that you can’t become aware of it without special help
atteuator
a switch that allows gradations in the amount of energy passing through it
data limited task
those which are difficult or impossible even if we devote all of our porcessing resources to the task
resource limited task
those of which performance can be improved by increasing the amount of processing
anagrams
words whose letters are scrambled
automaticity
refers to the apparent lacks of central capacity requirements for a particular task
stroop effect
cognitive phenomenon in psychology that demonstrates the interference between automatic and controlled processes. It occurs when individuals are presented with color words that are printed in a different color than the word itself.
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