contemporary urban environments

Accessibility

How easy it is to travel to a place or interact with an individual

Agricultural based regeneration

The focus of regeneration is to help local farms produce extra revenue e.g. creating farm shops

Amenity value

The value of a resource to locals and businesses

Built environment

The buildings and infrastructure within an urban area

Capital

Productive assets, goods or financial stakes

Central business direct (CBD)

The centre of a city, containing a high density of businesses and TNC headquarters

Council estate

Consisting only of social housing, with tenants on subsided rent

Counter urbanisation

An increase in proportion of a population living within rural areas, due to migration from urban to rural areas

Cultural enrichment

The addition of ideas, traditions and beliefs due to the arrival of new people

Cultural erosion

The loss of a culture, resulting in a change in ideas or disregard for traditions

Suburbanisation

The process by which people move from urban areas to the outskirts or suburba

Culture

The way of life of a particular group of people at a particular time, generally customs and beliefs

Culture-led regeneration

The focus of regeneration is to enhance historic or cultural attractions of an area e.g. opening stately homes

Deindustrialisation

A reduction in industrial capacity, leading to social and economic change within a region

Demographic

The characteristics of a population

Deprivation

Individuals lack basic services or objects the would expect to have in the 21st century

Dereliction

The loss of industry or productivity of a land, leaving it abandoned

Diversity

Variation within a population, in their characteristics, background and behaviour

Elite migrants

Migration due to an individuals wealth or status, often investing in the host country through investment visas, property or business

Environmental assessment impact

The study of environmental impacts caused by large business projects

Environmental regeneration

The focus of regeneration is to restore and maintain natural environments e.g. beaches and woodlands

Ethnicity

The cultural background of a group of people, often based on religion or country of origin

Gated community

Urban neighbourhoods surrounded by gates to improve privacy and safety

Gentrification

Renovation of older/deteriorating buildings or areas with the aim of attracting high-income individuals or elite businesses to a place

Governance

The management of a place or a group of people

Hard regeneration

Construction of new buildings and infrastructure and investment within a religion

Idyll

A location with ideal living conditions and good qualities. Often based on a perception

Inequality

Differences in income, well-being and wealth between individuals, communities and society

Internal migration

The movement of people within a country

International migration

The movement of people from one country to another

Leisure-led regeneration

The focus of regeneration is to attract tourists or improve the social quality of life

Life-cycle stage

The change in opinions and values at different stages of an individuals life

Life expectancy

The average number of years an individual is likely to live, determined at birth

Lived experience

The contribution of experiences and opportunities to an individuals views and values

Media

The publishing of information and production of entertainment e.g. BBC

Multicultural

The existence, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single geographic area

Non-agricultural based regeneration

The focus of regeneration is to produce revenue for rural businesses

Perception

A persons view of a place or issue based on feelings, experience and outside forces such as the media

Political engagement

The willingness and ability of an individual to vote or join political parties or pressure groups

Pressure group

Usually voluntary organisations, with the aim of persuading and the public and changing government policy or authorities actions

Population density

The number of people per square kilometre

Rebranding

Creating a new look or reputation for an area

Regional disparity

The economic (or cultural) gap between different parts of a country

Retail-led regeneration

The focus of regeneration is to attract shops to high streets and markets, and to establish warehouses and hubs for TNC’s

Reimaging

Regeneration and rebranding specifically focussed on removing negative perceptions about a place

Rural decline

Reduction in population in rural areas, leading to reduced services and government spreading for that region

Rural-urban continuum

A range of living spaces running from remotest peripheral villages to the CBD of the city

Segregation

The separation of a group from other groups, this can be through force or voluntarily.

Sink estates

Council estates that score badly on the index of Multiple deprivation

Spiral of decline

Stages of rural decline that contribute to a positive feedback loop, with more and more outward migration and increasingly declining services

Stakeholder

An individual with interest within their community

Social clustering

Groups of people with similar background frequently living together

Social exclusion

The inability of a group to become involved in the cultural activities of a place

Soft regeneration

Investing in the skills and education of the population to improve their own quality of life

Urbanisation

An increase in the proportion of a population living within urban areas

Urban resurgence

Movement of people back to an area which was previously in decline.