Indigenous Crim Final Exam Chapter 13

What is the Prophecy of the Seven Fires?

An Anishinaabe oral prophecy describing different eras and predictions about the past and future.

What happens in Fire 4 of the Seven Fires Prophecy?

→ A light-skinned race arrives. Some bring knowledge, while others bring death and greed.

What happens in Fire 5?

→ The Anishinaabe struggle between traditional teachings and false promises of “joy and salvation.”

. What happens in Fire 6?

→ Children are taken away from their Elders and traditional teachings.

What happens in Fire 7?

→ A New People (Osh-ki-bi-ma-di-zeeg) emerge and retrace the paths of the past to find what was lost.

What is the Eighth Fire?

→ If the New People find the right path, it leads to an era of peace, love, brotherhood, and sisterhood.

What is decolonization?

→ Challenging and dismantling colonial ideas and systems while making space for Indigenous worldviews and knowledge.

What does decolonization restore?

Indigenous worldviews, culture, and traditional ways.

. How does decolonization change the understanding of history?

It replaces Western-only interpretations with Indigenous perspectives and experiences.

What is the goal of decolonization in how people see Indigenous peoples?

→ To change how Indigenous people view themselves and how non-Indigenous people view Indigenous peoples.

What were the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (TRC) Calls to Action?

→ 94 recommendations aimed at advancing reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.

What areas did the TRC Calls to Action address?

→ Child welfare, education, language/culture, health, and justice.

How were the TRC recommendations similar to RCAP?

→ Many were nearly identical to recommendations RCAP had already made in 1996.

What is UNDRIP?

→ The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, an international framework outlining Indigenous peoples' rights.

What does Article 3 of UNDRIP recognize?

→ Indigenous peoples' right to self-determination.

What does Article 4 recognize?

→ Indigenous peoples' right to autonomy and self-government in their internal and local affairs.

What does Article 26 recognize?

→ Indigenous peoples' rights to the lands, territories, and resources they have traditionally owned, occupied, or used.

When was UNDRIP adopted?

2007

When did Canada endorse UNDRIP?

2016

What happened with UNDRIP in Canada in 2020?

→ Canada introduced legislation to implement UNDRIP in Canada.

What is reconciliation?

→ Rebuilding relationships between Indigenous peoples and Canada based on truth, respect, recognition, and addressing colonialism.

22. Why is acknowledging the past important for reconciliation? ⭐

→ We have to truthfully acknowledge what happened before relationships can be repaired.

23. Is reconciliation just about apologizing for the past?

→ No. It also requires addressing the ongoing effects of colonialism and the current role of governments, institutions, corporations, and individuals.

24. What does “reconciling sovereignties” mean? ⭐

→ Finding a way to reconcile the relationship between First Nations' sovereignty and Canada's sovereignty.

25. Why are some Indigenous groups skeptical about reconciliation?

→ They question whether the government is genuinely committed to following through on reconciliation.

26. Who is responsible for holding governments accountable for reconciliation? ⭐

everyone

27. Who is responsible for implementing the TRC Calls to Action?

→ The government is responsible for some, but NOT all, of the Calls to Action.

28. What does “zero-sum game” mean?

→ One person's gain = another person's loss.

29. Why isn't reconciliation a zero-sum game?

→ Progress for Indigenous communities does not mean settler communities have to lose.

30. How can governments and institutions support reconciliation?

→ By supporting traditional teachings/healing, Indigenous-specific programs, community-based justice, education, and Indigenous organizations.

31. What is one example of Indigenous-specific education support?

→ Douglas College Indigenous Student Services.

32. What is one example of an Indigenous community organization?

→ Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre Society.

33. Who are examples of Indigenous community champions?

→ Waneek Horn-Miller, Autumn Peltier, and Michael Champagne.

34. What does “reversing the gaze” mean?

→ Looking at settler society through Indigenous perspectives instead of always viewing Indigenous people through a colonial/settler lens.

35. What does Kent Monkman's art explore through “reversing the gaze”?

→ How colonialism shaped Indigenous peoples' experiences and how Indigenous people can examine settler culture, politics, values, and priorities.

36. What does Andy Everson compare in his artwork?

→ He compares Star Wars imperialism/oppression with the colonial experiences of Indigenous peoples in Canada.