AP Bio Unit 3: Enzymes

enzymes are proteins in which type of structure

3D tertiary structure proteins

substrate binds to the _____ site on the enzyme

active site

if the amino acid has pos R-groups, then the substrate should be pos or neg?

neg

INC the concentration of substrate will INC or DEC the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, up until…

INC rate of enzyme catalyzed reaction up until all of the active sites become saturated with substrates

if the temp DEC, the rate of collisions INC or DEC

DEC, reactions slow

if temp too HIGH or wrong pH

bonds that hold enzyme tg will be disrupted; enzyme is denatured (change in shape)

competitive inhibitors

• compete with substrates for the active site

• competition lowers the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

effect of competitive inhibitors can be diluted by

by adding higher concentrations of substrate

noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the _____ site. this does what to the enzyme?

allosteric site; changes the shape of the enzyme to better fit the substrate

cofactors and coenzymes INC or DEC efficiency of enzyme-catalyzed reaction

increase

endergonic reactions

• products with HIGH free energy

• requires energy

• low entropy

• unfavorable

• Delta G > 0

exergonic reactions

• products with LOWER free energy

• release energy

• high entropy

• favorable

• Delta G < 0

activation energy (E_A)

reactants energy - transition state

enzymes speed up chemical reactions by increasing or lowering the activation energy of the reaction?

lowering

can enzymes change an energonic reaction to exergonic?

no